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String, Arguments, Numpy, Image, Animation, Audio, Synthesizer, Pygame

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Jure Šorn 2 years ago
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  1. 62
      README.md
  2. 70
      index.html
  3. 21
      parse.js

62
README.md
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@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ String
| isdecimal() | | | | | yes | | isdecimal() | | | | | yes |
+---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+ +---------------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+
``` ```
* **Also: `'isspace()'` checks for `'[ \t\n\r\f\v\x1c-\x1f\x85…]'`.**
* **Also: `'isspace()'` checks for `'[ \t\n\r\f\v\x1c-\x1f\x85\u2000…]'`.**
Regex Regex
@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ def func(<default_args>): ... # def func(x=0, y=0): ...
def func(<nondefault_args>, <default_args>): ... # def func(x, y=0): ... def func(<nondefault_args>, <default_args>): ... # def func(x, y=0): ...
``` ```
* **Default values are evaluated when function is first encountered in the scope.** * **Default values are evaluated when function is first encountered in the scope.**
* **Any mutations of mutable default values will persist between invocations.**
* **Any mutation of a mutable default value will persist between invocations.**
Splat Operator Splat Operator
@ -1936,26 +1936,26 @@ Bytes
**Bytes object is an immutable sequence of single bytes. Mutable version is called bytearray.** **Bytes object is an immutable sequence of single bytes. Mutable version is called bytearray.**
```python ```python
<bytes> = b'<str>' # Only accepts ASCII characters and \x00-\xff.
<int> = <bytes>[<index>] # Returns an int in range from 0 to 255.
<bytes> = <bytes>[<slice>] # Returns bytes even if it has only one element.
<bytes> = <bytes>.join(<coll_of_bytes>) # Joins elements using bytes as a separator.
<bytes> = b'<str>' # Only accepts ASCII characters and \x00-\xff.
<int> = <bytes>[<index>] # Returns an int in range from 0 to 255.
<bytes> = <bytes>[<slice>] # Returns bytes even if it has only one element.
<bytes> = <bytes>.join(<coll_of_bytes>) # Joins elements using bytes as a separator.
``` ```
### Encode ### Encode
```python ```python
<bytes> = bytes(<coll_of_ints>) # Ints must be in range from 0 to 255.
<bytes> = bytes(<str>, 'utf-8') # Or: <str>.encode('utf-8')
<bytes> = <int>.to_bytes(n_bytes, …) # `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.
<bytes> = bytes.fromhex('<hex>') # Hex pairs can be separated by whitespaces.
<bytes> = bytes(<coll_of_ints>) # Ints must be in range from 0 to 255.
<bytes> = bytes(<str>, 'utf-8') # Or: <str>.encode('utf-8')
<bytes> = <int>.to_bytes(n_bytes, …) # `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.
<bytes> = bytes.fromhex('<hex>') # Hex pairs can be separated by whitespaces.
``` ```
### Decode ### Decode
```python ```python
<list> = list(<bytes>) # Returns ints in range from 0 to 255.
<str> = str(<bytes>, 'utf-8') # Or: <bytes>.decode('utf-8')
<int> = int.from_bytes(<bytes>, …) # `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.
'<hex>' = <bytes>.hex() # Returns hex pairs. Accepts `sep=<str>`.
<list> = list(<bytes>) # Returns ints in range from 0 to 255.
<str> = str(<bytes>, 'utf-8') # Or: <bytes>.decode('utf-8')
<int> = int.from_bytes(<bytes>, …) # `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.
'<hex>' = <bytes>.hex() # Returns hex pairs. Accepts `sep=<str>`.
``` ```
### Read Bytes from File ### Read Bytes from File
@ -2609,7 +2609,7 @@ Line # Mem usage Increment Line Contents
# $ pip3 install pycallgraph2; apt/brew install graphviz # $ pip3 install pycallgraph2; apt/brew install graphviz
import pycallgraph2 as cg, datetime import pycallgraph2 as cg, datetime
filename = f'profile-{datetime.datetime.now():%Y%m%d%H%M%S}.png'
filename = f'profile-{datetime.datetime.now():%Y%m%d_%H%M%S}.png'
drawer = cg.output.GraphvizOutput(output_file=filename) drawer = cg.output.GraphvizOutput(output_file=filename)
with cg.PyCallGraph(drawer): with cg.PyCallGraph(drawer):
<code_to_be_profiled> <code_to_be_profiled>
@ -2645,7 +2645,7 @@ import numpy as np
``` ```
* **Shape is a tuple of dimension sizes. A 100x50 RGB image has shape (50, 100, 3).** * **Shape is a tuple of dimension sizes. A 100x50 RGB image has shape (50, 100, 3).**
* **Axis is an index of the dimension that gets aggregated. Leftmost/outermost dimension has index 0. Summing a 100x50 RGB image along the axis 2 will return a greyscale image with shape (50, 100).**
* **Axis is an index of the dimension that gets aggregated. Leftmost dimension has index 0. Summing the RGB image along axis 2 will return a greyscale image with shape (50, 100).**
* **Passing a tuple of axes will chain the operations like this: `'<array>.<method>(axis_1, keepdims=True).<method>(axis_2).squeeze()'`.** * **Passing a tuple of axes will chain the operations like this: `'<array>.<method>(axis_1, keepdims=True).<method>(axis_2).squeeze()'`.**
### Indexing ### Indexing
@ -2744,7 +2744,7 @@ from PIL import Image
<Image>.putpixel((x, y), <int/tuple>) # Writes a pixel to the image. <Image>.putpixel((x, y), <int/tuple>) # Writes a pixel to the image.
<ImagingCore> = <Image>.getdata() # Returns a flattened sequence of pixels. <ImagingCore> = <Image>.getdata() # Returns a flattened sequence of pixels.
<Image>.putdata(<list/ImagingCore>) # Writes a flattened sequence of pixels. <Image>.putdata(<list/ImagingCore>) # Writes a flattened sequence of pixels.
<Image>.paste(<Image>, (x, y)) # Writes an image to the image.
<Image>.paste(<Image>, (x, y)) # Writes passed image to the image.
``` ```
```bash ```bash
@ -2797,7 +2797,7 @@ from PIL import ImageDraw
* **Use `'fill=<color>'` to set the primary color.** * **Use `'fill=<color>'` to set the primary color.**
* **Use `'width=<int>'` to set the width of lines or contours.** * **Use `'width=<int>'` to set the width of lines or contours.**
* **Use `'outline=<color>'` to set the color of the contours.** * **Use `'outline=<color>'` to set the color of the contours.**
* **Colors can be specified as an int, tuple, `'#rrggbb[aa]'` string or a color name.**
* **Color can be specified as an int, tuple, `'#rrggbb[aa]'` string or a color name.**
Animation Animation
@ -2807,6 +2807,7 @@ Animation
# $ pip3 install imageio # $ pip3 install imageio
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
import imageio import imageio
WIDTH, HEIGHT, R = 126, 126, 10 WIDTH, HEIGHT, R = 126, 126, 10
frames = [] frames = []
for velocity in range(1, 16): for velocity in range(1, 16):
@ -2852,14 +2853,13 @@ nframes = <Wave_read>.getnframes() # Number of frames.
### Sample Values ### Sample Values
```text ```text
+-----------+-------------+------+-------------+
| sampwidth | min | zero | max |
+-----------+-------------+------+-------------+
| 1 | 0 | 128 | 255 |
| 2 | -32768 | 0 | 32767 |
| 3 | -8388608 | 0 | 8388607 |
| 4 | -2147483648 | 0 | 2147483647 |
+-----------+-------------+------+-------------+
+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+
| sampwidth | min | zero | max |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+
| 1 | 0 | 128 | 255 |
| 2 | -32768 | 0 | 32767 |
| 3 | -8388608 | 0 | 8388607 |
+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+
``` ```
### Read Float Samples from WAV File ### Read Float Samples from WAV File
@ -2931,18 +2931,18 @@ Synthesizer
#### Plays Popcorn by Gershon Kingsley: #### Plays Popcorn by Gershon Kingsley:
```python ```python
# $ pip3 install simpleaudio # $ pip3 install simpleaudio
import math, struct, simpleaudio
from itertools import repeat, chain
import itertools as it, math, struct, simpleaudio
F = 44100 F = 44100
P1 = '71♩,69♪,,71♩,66♪,,62♩,66♪,,59♩,,' P1 = '71♩,69♪,,71♩,66♪,,62♩,66♪,,59♩,,'
P2 = '71♩,73♪,,74♩,73♪,,74♪,,71♪,,73♩,71♪,,73♪,,69♪,,71♩,69♪,,71♪,,67♪,,71♩,,' P2 = '71♩,73♪,,74♩,73♪,,74♪,,71♪,,73♩,71♪,,73♪,,69♪,,71♩,69♪,,71♪,,67♪,,71♩,,'
get_pause = lambda seconds: repeat(0, int(seconds * F))
get_pause = lambda seconds: it.repeat(0, int(seconds * F))
sin_f = lambda i, hz: math.sin(i * 2 * math.pi * hz / F) sin_f = lambda i, hz: math.sin(i * 2 * math.pi * hz / F)
get_wave = lambda hz, seconds: (sin_f(i, hz) for i in range(int(seconds * F))) get_wave = lambda hz, seconds: (sin_f(i, hz) for i in range(int(seconds * F)))
get_hz = lambda key: 8.176 * 2 ** (int(key) / 12) get_hz = lambda key: 8.176 * 2 ** (int(key) / 12)
parse_note = lambda note: (get_hz(note[:2]), 1/4 if '♩' in note else 1/8) parse_note = lambda note: (get_hz(note[:2]), 1/4 if '♩' in note else 1/8)
get_samples = lambda note: get_wave(*parse_note(note)) if note else get_pause(1/8) get_samples = lambda note: get_wave(*parse_note(note)) if note else get_pause(1/8)
samples_f = chain.from_iterable(get_samples(n) for n in f'{P1},{P1},{P2}'.split(','))
samples_f = it.chain.from_iterable(get_samples(n) for n in f'{P1},{P1},{P2}'.split(','))
samples_b = b''.join(struct.pack('<h', int(f * 30000)) for f in samples_f) samples_b = b''.join(struct.pack('<h', int(f * 30000)) for f in samples_f)
simpleaudio.play_buffer(samples_b, 1, 2, F) simpleaudio.play_buffer(samples_b, 1, 2, F)
``` ```
@ -2950,10 +2950,10 @@ simpleaudio.play_buffer(samples_b, 1, 2, F)
Pygame Pygame
------ ------
### Basic Example
```python ```python
# $ pip3 install pygame # $ pip3 install pygame
import pygame as pg import pygame as pg
pg.init() pg.init()
screen = pg.display.set_mode((500, 500)) screen = pg.display.set_mode((500, 500))
rect = pg.Rect(240, 240, 20, 20) rect = pg.Rect(240, 240, 20, 20)

70
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
<body> <body>
<header> <header>
<aside>July 27, 2022</aside>
<aside>July 28, 2022</aside>
<a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a> <a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>
</header> </header>
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ Point(x=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, y=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<ul> <ul>
<li><strong>Also: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'isspace()'</span></code> checks for <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'[ \t\n\r\f\v\x1c-\x1f\x85…]'</span></code>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Also: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'isspace()'</span></code> checks for <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'[ \t\n\r\f\v\x1c-\x1f\x85\u2000…]'</span></code>.</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h2 id="regex"><a href="#regex" name="regex">#</a>Regex</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> re <div><h2 id="regex"><a href="#regex" name="regex">#</a>Regex</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> re
&lt;str&gt; = re.sub(&lt;regex&gt;, new, text, count=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Substitutes all occurrences with 'new'.</span> &lt;str&gt; = re.sub(&lt;regex&gt;, new, text, count=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Substitutes all occurrences with 'new'.</span>
@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ func(&lt;positional_args&gt;, &lt;keyword_args&gt;) <span class="hljs-
<ul> <ul>
<li><strong>Default values are evaluated when function is first encountered in the scope.</strong></li> <li><strong>Default values are evaluated when function is first encountered in the scope.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Any mutations of mutable default values will persist between invocations.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Any mutation of a mutable default value will persist between invocations.</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h2 id="splatoperator"><a href="#splatoperator" name="splatoperator">#</a>Splat Operator</h2><div><h3 id="insidefunctioncall-1">Inside Function Call</h3><p><strong>Splat expands a collection into positional arguments, while splatty-splat expands a dictionary into keyword arguments.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">args = (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <div><h2 id="splatoperator"><a href="#splatoperator" name="splatoperator">#</a>Splat Operator</h2><div><h3 id="insidefunctioncall-1">Inside Function Call</h3><p><strong>Splat expands a collection into positional arguments, while splatty-splat expands a dictionary into keyword arguments.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">args = (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
kwargs = {<span class="hljs-string">'x'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'z'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">5</span>} kwargs = {<span class="hljs-string">'x'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'z'</span>: <span class="hljs-number">5</span>}
@ -1609,23 +1609,23 @@ CompletedProcess(args=[<span class="hljs-string">'bc'</span>, <span class="hljs-
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h2 id="bytes"><a href="#bytes" name="bytes">#</a>Bytes</h2><p><strong>Bytes object is an immutable sequence of single bytes. Mutable version is called bytearray.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;bytes&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">b'&lt;str&gt;'</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># Only accepts ASCII characters and \x00-\xff.</span>
&lt;int&gt; = &lt;bytes&gt;[&lt;index&gt;] <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns an int in range from 0 to 255.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = &lt;bytes&gt;[&lt;slice&gt;] <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns bytes even if it has only one element.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = &lt;bytes&gt;.join(&lt;coll_of_bytes&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Joins elements using bytes as a separator.</span>
<div><h2 id="bytes"><a href="#bytes" name="bytes">#</a>Bytes</h2><p><strong>Bytes object is an immutable sequence of single bytes. Mutable version is called bytearray.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;bytes&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">b'&lt;str&gt;'</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># Only accepts ASCII characters and \x00-\xff.</span>
&lt;int&gt; = &lt;bytes&gt;[&lt;index&gt;] <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns an int in range from 0 to 255.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = &lt;bytes&gt;[&lt;slice&gt;] <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns bytes even if it has only one element.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = &lt;bytes&gt;.join(&lt;coll_of_bytes&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Joins elements using bytes as a separator.</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="encode-1">Encode</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;bytes&gt; = bytes(&lt;coll_of_ints&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Ints must be in range from 0 to 255.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = bytes(&lt;str&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;str&gt;.encode('utf-8')</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = &lt;int&gt;.to_bytes(n_bytes, …) <span class="hljs-comment"># `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = bytes.fromhex(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;hex&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Hex pairs can be separated by whitespaces.</span>
<div><h3 id="encode-1">Encode</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;bytes&gt; = bytes(&lt;coll_of_ints&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Ints must be in range from 0 to 255.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = bytes(&lt;str&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;str&gt;.encode('utf-8')</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = &lt;int&gt;.to_bytes(n_bytes, …) <span class="hljs-comment"># `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.</span>
&lt;bytes&gt; = bytes.fromhex(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;hex&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Hex pairs can be separated by whitespaces.</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="decode-1">Decode</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;list&gt; = list(&lt;bytes&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns ints in range from 0 to 255.</span>
&lt;str&gt; = str(&lt;bytes&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;bytes&gt;.decode('utf-8')</span>
&lt;int&gt; = int.from_bytes(&lt;bytes&gt;, …) <span class="hljs-comment"># `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;hex&gt;'</span> = &lt;bytes&gt;.hex() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns hex pairs. Accepts `sep=&lt;str&gt;`.</span>
<div><h3 id="decode-1">Decode</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;list&gt; = list(&lt;bytes&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns ints in range from 0 to 255.</span>
&lt;str&gt; = str(&lt;bytes&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'utf-8'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;bytes&gt;.decode('utf-8')</span>
&lt;int&gt; = int.from_bytes(&lt;bytes&gt;, …) <span class="hljs-comment"># `byteorder='little/big', signed=False`.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;hex&gt;'</span> = &lt;bytes&gt;.hex() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns hex pairs. Accepts `sep=&lt;str&gt;`.</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="readbytesfromfile">Read Bytes from File</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_bytes</span><span class="hljs-params">(filename)</span>:</span> <div><h3 id="readbytesfromfile">Read Bytes from File</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_bytes</span><span class="hljs-params">(filename)</span>:</span>
@ -2136,7 +2136,7 @@ Line # Mem usage Increment Line Contents
<div><h3 id="callgraph">Call Graph</h3><div><h4 id="generatesapngimageofthecallgraphwithhighlightedbottlenecks">Generates a PNG image of the call graph with highlighted bottlenecks:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pycallgraph2; apt/brew install graphviz</span> <div><h3 id="callgraph">Call Graph</h3><div><h4 id="generatesapngimageofthecallgraphwithhighlightedbottlenecks">Generates a PNG image of the call graph with highlighted bottlenecks:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pycallgraph2; apt/brew install graphviz</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pycallgraph2 <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> cg, datetime <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pycallgraph2 <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> cg, datetime
filename = <span class="hljs-string">f'profile-<span class="hljs-subst">{datetime.datetime.now():%Y%m%d%H%M%S}</span>.png'</span>
filename = <span class="hljs-string">f'profile-<span class="hljs-subst">{datetime.datetime.now():%Y%m%d_%H%M%S}</span>.png'</span>
drawer = cg.output.GraphvizOutput(output_file=filename) drawer = cg.output.GraphvizOutput(output_file=filename)
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> cg.PyCallGraph(drawer): <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> cg.PyCallGraph(drawer):
&lt;code_to_be_profiled&gt; &lt;code_to_be_profiled&gt;
@ -2163,7 +2163,7 @@ drawer = cg.output.GraphvizOutput(output_file=filename)
</code></pre> </code></pre>
<ul> <ul>
<li><strong>Shape is a tuple of dimension sizes. A 100x50 RGB image has shape (50, 100, 3).</strong></li> <li><strong>Shape is a tuple of dimension sizes. A 100x50 RGB image has shape (50, 100, 3).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Axis is an index of the dimension that gets aggregated. Leftmost/outermost dimension has index 0. Summing a 100x50 RGB image along the axis 2 will return a greyscale image with shape (50, 100).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Axis is an index of the dimension that gets aggregated. Leftmost dimension has index 0. Summing the RGB image along axis 2 will return a greyscale image with shape (50, 100).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Passing a tuple of axes will chain the operations like this: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'&lt;array&gt;.&lt;method&gt;(axis_1, keepdims=True).&lt;method&gt;(axis_2).squeeze()'</span></code>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Passing a tuple of axes will chain the operations like this: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'&lt;array&gt;.&lt;method&gt;(axis_1, keepdims=True).&lt;method&gt;(axis_2).squeeze()'</span></code>.</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h3 id="indexing">Indexing</h3><pre><code class="bash language-bash hljs">&lt;el&gt; = &lt;2d_array&gt;[row_index, column_index] <span class="hljs-comment"># &lt;3d_a&gt;[table_i, row_i, column_i]</span> <div><h3 id="indexing">Indexing</h3><pre><code class="bash language-bash hljs">&lt;el&gt; = &lt;2d_array&gt;[row_index, column_index] <span class="hljs-comment"># &lt;3d_a&gt;[table_i, row_i, column_i]</span>
@ -2239,7 +2239,7 @@ right = [[<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.6</
&lt;Image&gt;.putpixel((x, y), &lt;int/tuple&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes a pixel to the image.</span> &lt;Image&gt;.putpixel((x, y), &lt;int/tuple&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes a pixel to the image.</span>
&lt;ImagingCore&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.getdata() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns a flattened sequence of pixels.</span> &lt;ImagingCore&gt; = &lt;Image&gt;.getdata() <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns a flattened sequence of pixels.</span>
&lt;Image&gt;.putdata(&lt;list/ImagingCore&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes a flattened sequence of pixels.</span> &lt;Image&gt;.putdata(&lt;list/ImagingCore&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes a flattened sequence of pixels.</span>
&lt;Image&gt;.paste(&lt;Image&gt;, (x, y)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes an image to the image.</span>
&lt;Image&gt;.paste(&lt;Image&gt;, (x, y)) <span class="hljs-comment"># Writes passed image to the image.</span>
</code></pre> </code></pre>
<pre><code class="bash language-bash hljs">&lt;2d_array&gt; = np.array(&lt;Image_L&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates NumPy array from greyscale image.</span> <pre><code class="bash language-bash hljs">&lt;2d_array&gt; = np.array(&lt;Image_L&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates NumPy array from greyscale image.</span>
&lt;3d_array&gt; = np.array(&lt;Image_RGB&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates NumPy array from color image.</span> &lt;3d_array&gt; = np.array(&lt;Image_RGB&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Creates NumPy array from color image.</span>
@ -2284,11 +2284,12 @@ img.convert(<span class="hljs-string">'RGB'</span>).save(<span class="hljs-strin
<li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'fill=&lt;color&gt;'</span></code> to set the primary color.</strong></li> <li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'fill=&lt;color&gt;'</span></code> to set the primary color.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'width=&lt;int&gt;'</span></code> to set the width of lines or contours.</strong></li> <li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'width=&lt;int&gt;'</span></code> to set the width of lines or contours.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'outline=&lt;color&gt;'</span></code> to set the color of the contours.</strong></li> <li><strong>Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'outline=&lt;color&gt;'</span></code> to set the color of the contours.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Colors can be specified as an int, tuple, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'#rrggbb[aa]'</span></code> string or a color name.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Color can be specified as an int, tuple, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'#rrggbb[aa]'</span></code> string or a color name.</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h2 id="animation"><a href="#animation" name="animation">#</a>Animation</h2><div><h4 id="createsagifofabouncingball">Creates a GIF of a bouncing ball:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install imageio</span> <div><h2 id="animation"><a href="#animation" name="animation">#</a>Animation</h2><div><h4 id="createsagifofabouncingball">Creates a GIF of a bouncing ball:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install imageio</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PIL <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Image, ImageDraw <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> PIL <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Image, ImageDraw
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> imageio <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> imageio
WIDTH, HEIGHT, R = <span class="hljs-number">126</span>, <span class="hljs-number">126</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span> WIDTH, HEIGHT, R = <span class="hljs-number">126</span>, <span class="hljs-number">126</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>
frames = [] frames = []
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> velocity <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>): <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> velocity <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>):
@ -2327,14 +2328,13 @@ nframes = &lt;Wave_read&gt;.getnframes() <span class="hljs-comment"
<li><strong>If sample width is one byte, then the integer should be encoded unsigned.</strong></li> <li><strong>If sample width is one byte, then the integer should be encoded unsigned.</strong></li>
<li><strong>For all other sizes, the integer should be encoded signed with little-endian byte order.</strong></li> <li><strong>For all other sizes, the integer should be encoded signed with little-endian byte order.</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h3 id="samplevalues">Sample Values</h3><pre><code class="python hljs">┏━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ sampwidth │ min │ zero │ max ┃
┠───────────┼─────────────┼──────┼─────────────┨
┃ <span class="hljs-number">1</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">128</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">255</span> ┃
┃ <span class="hljs-number">2</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">-32768</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">32767</span> ┃
┃ <span class="hljs-number">3</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">-8388608</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">8388607</span> ┃
┃ <span class="hljs-number">4</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">-2147483648</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">2147483647</span> ┃
┗━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛
<div><h3 id="samplevalues">Sample Values</h3><pre><code class="python hljs">┏━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ sampwidth │ min │ zero │ max ┃
┠───────────┼───────────┼──────┼───────────┨
┃ <span class="hljs-number">1</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">128</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">255</span> ┃
┃ <span class="hljs-number">2</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">-32768</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">32767</span> ┃
┃ <span class="hljs-number">3</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">-8388608</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">0</span> │ <span class="hljs-number">8388607</span> ┃
┗━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┛
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="readfloatsamplesfromwavfile">Read Float Samples from WAV File</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_wav_file</span><span class="hljs-params">(filename)</span>:</span> <div><h3 id="readfloatsamplesfromwavfile">Read Float Samples from WAV File</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_wav_file</span><span class="hljs-params">(filename)</span>:</span>
@ -2389,25 +2389,26 @@ engine.runAndWait()
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h2 id="synthesizer"><a href="#synthesizer" name="synthesizer">#</a>Synthesizer</h2><div><h4 id="playspopcornbygershonkingsley">Plays Popcorn by Gershon Kingsley:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install simpleaudio</span> <div><h2 id="synthesizer"><a href="#synthesizer" name="synthesizer">#</a>Synthesizer</h2><div><h4 id="playspopcornbygershonkingsley">Plays Popcorn by Gershon Kingsley:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install simpleaudio</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> math, struct, simpleaudio
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> itertools <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> repeat, chain
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> itertools <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> it, math, struct, simpleaudio
F = <span class="hljs-number">44100</span> F = <span class="hljs-number">44100</span>
P1 = <span class="hljs-string">'71♩,69♪,,71♩,66♪,,62♩,66♪,,59♩,,'</span> P1 = <span class="hljs-string">'71♩,69♪,,71♩,66♪,,62♩,66♪,,59♩,,'</span>
P2 = <span class="hljs-string">'71♩,73♪,,74♩,73♪,,74♪,,71♪,,73♩,71♪,,73♪,,69♪,,71♩,69♪,,71♪,,67♪,,71♩,,'</span> P2 = <span class="hljs-string">'71♩,73♪,,74♩,73♪,,74♪,,71♪,,73♩,71♪,,73♪,,69♪,,71♩,69♪,,71♪,,67♪,,71♩,,'</span>
get_pause = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> seconds: repeat(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, int(seconds * F))
get_pause = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> seconds: it.repeat(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, int(seconds * F))
sin_f = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> i, hz: math.sin(i * <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * math.pi * hz / F) sin_f = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> i, hz: math.sin(i * <span class="hljs-number">2</span> * math.pi * hz / F)
get_wave = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> hz, seconds: (sin_f(i, hz) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(int(seconds * F))) get_wave = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> hz, seconds: (sin_f(i, hz) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(int(seconds * F)))
get_hz = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> key: <span class="hljs-number">8.176</span> * <span class="hljs-number">2</span> ** (int(key) / <span class="hljs-number">12</span>) get_hz = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> key: <span class="hljs-number">8.176</span> * <span class="hljs-number">2</span> ** (int(key) / <span class="hljs-number">12</span>)
parse_note = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> note: (get_hz(note[:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-string">'♩'</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> note <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number">8</span>) parse_note = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> note: (get_hz(note[:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-string">'♩'</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> note <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number">8</span>)
get_samples = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> note: get_wave(*parse_note(note)) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> note <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> get_pause(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number">8</span>) get_samples = <span class="hljs-keyword">lambda</span> note: get_wave(*parse_note(note)) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> note <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> get_pause(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>/<span class="hljs-number">8</span>)
samples_f = chain.from_iterable(get_samples(n) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> n <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-string">f'<span class="hljs-subst">{P1}</span>,<span class="hljs-subst">{P1}</span>,<span class="hljs-subst">{P2}</span>'</span>.split(<span class="hljs-string">','</span>))
samples_f = it.chain.from_iterable(get_samples(n) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> n <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> <span class="hljs-string">f'<span class="hljs-subst">{P1}</span>,<span class="hljs-subst">{P1}</span>,<span class="hljs-subst">{P2}</span>'</span>.split(<span class="hljs-string">','</span>))
samples_b = <span class="hljs-string">b''</span>.join(struct.pack(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h'</span>, int(f * <span class="hljs-number">30000</span>)) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> f <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> samples_f) samples_b = <span class="hljs-string">b''</span>.join(struct.pack(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;h'</span>, int(f * <span class="hljs-number">30000</span>)) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> f <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> samples_f)
simpleaudio.play_buffer(samples_b, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, F) simpleaudio.play_buffer(samples_b, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, F)
</code></pre></div></div> </code></pre></div></div>
<div><h2 id="pygame"><a href="#pygame" name="pygame">#</a>Pygame</h2><div><h3 id="basicexample-1">Basic Example</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pygame</span>
<div><h2 id="pygame"><a href="#pygame" name="pygame">#</a>Pygame</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pygame</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pygame <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> pg <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pygame <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> pg
pg.init() pg.init()
screen = pg.display.set_mode((<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">500</span>)) screen = pg.display.set_mode((<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">500</span>))
rect = pg.Rect(<span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>) rect = pg.Rect(<span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>)
@ -2418,8 +2419,7 @@ rect = pg.Rect(<span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2
screen.fill((<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)) screen.fill((<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>))
pg.draw.rect(screen, (<span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>), rect) pg.draw.rect(screen, (<span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>), rect)
pg.display.flip() pg.display.flip()
</code></pre></div></div>
</code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="rectangle">Rectangle</h3><p><strong>Object for storing rectangular coordinates.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Rect&gt; = pg.Rect(x, y, width, height) <span class="hljs-comment"># Floats get truncated into ints.</span> <div><h3 id="rectangle">Rectangle</h3><p><strong>Object for storing rectangular coordinates.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Rect&gt; = pg.Rect(x, y, width, height) <span class="hljs-comment"># Floats get truncated into ints.</span>
&lt;int&gt; = &lt;Rect&gt;.x/y/centerx/centery/… <span class="hljs-comment"># Top, right, bottom, left. Allows assignments.</span> &lt;int&gt; = &lt;Rect&gt;.x/y/centerx/centery/… <span class="hljs-comment"># Top, right, bottom, left. Allows assignments.</span>
@ -2905,7 +2905,7 @@ $ pyinstaller script.py --add-data '&lt;path&gt;:.' <span class="hljs-comment">
<footer> <footer>
<aside>July 27, 2022</aside>
<aside>July 28, 2022</aside>
<a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a> <a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>
</footer> </footer>

21
parse.js
View File

@ -448,19 +448,18 @@ const DIAGRAM_11_B =
'┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛\n'; '┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛\n';
const DIAGRAM_12_A = const DIAGRAM_12_A =
'+-----------+-------------+------+-------------+\n' +
'| sampwidth | min | zero | max |\n' +
'+-----------+-------------+------+-------------+\n';
'+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+\n' +
'| sampwidth | min | zero | max |\n' +
'+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+\n';
const DIAGRAM_12_B = const DIAGRAM_12_B =
'┏━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓\n' +
'┃ sampwidth │ min │ zero │ max ┃\n' +
'┠───────────┼─────────────┼──────┼─────────────┨\n' +
'┃ 1 │ 0 │ 128 │ 255 ┃\n' +
'┃ 2 │ -32768 │ 0 │ 32767 ┃\n' +
'┃ 3 │ -8388608 │ 0 │ 8388607 ┃\n' +
'┃ 4 │ -2147483648 │ 0 │ 2147483647 ┃\n' +
'┗━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛\n';
'┏━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━┓\n' +
'┃ sampwidth │ min │ zero │ max ┃\n' +
'┠───────────┼───────────┼──────┼───────────┨\n' +
'┃ 1 │ 0 │ 128 │ 255 ┃\n' +
'┃ 2 │ -32768 │ 0 │ 32767 ┃\n' +
'┃ 3 │ -8388608 │ 0 │ 8388607 ┃\n' +
'┗━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━┛\n';
const DIAGRAM_13_A = const DIAGRAM_13_A =
'| sr.apply(…) | 3 | sum 3 | s 3 |'; '| sr.apply(…) | 3 | sum 3 | s 3 |';

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