From f51e8307ac9062dd50be3cd0690714ce7a834dd1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Jure=20=C5=A0orn?= Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2021 11:03:52 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Random, Datetime, Threading --- README.md | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- index.html | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------- 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index e63f1c4..c7df9d0 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -513,9 +513,9 @@ from statistics import mean, median, variance, stdev, pvariance, pstdev ```python from random import random, randint, choice, shuffle, gauss, seed - = random() - = randint(from_inclusive, to_inclusive) - = choice() + = random() # A float inside [0, 1). + = randint(from_inc, to_inc) # An int inside [from_inc, to_inc]. + = choice() # Keeps the list intact. ``` ### Bin, Hex @@ -614,15 +614,15 @@ from dateutil.tz import UTC, tzlocal, gettz, datetime_exists, resolve_imaginary = UTC # UTC timezone. London without DST. = tzlocal() # Local timezone. Also gettz(). = gettz('/') # 'Continent/City_Name' timezone or None. - =
.astimezone() # Datetime, converted to passed timezone. - = .replace(tzinfo=) # Unconverted object with new timezone. + =
.astimezone() # Datetime, converted to the passed timezone. + = .replace(tzinfo=) # Unconverted object with a new timezone. ``` ### Encode ```python = D/T/DT.fromisoformat('') # Object from ISO string. Raises ValueError.
= DT.strptime(, '') # Datetime from str, according to format. - = D/DT.fromordinal() # D/DTn from days since Christ, at midnight. + = D/DT.fromordinal() # D/DTn from days since the Gregorian NYE 1. = DT.fromtimestamp() # Local time DTn from seconds since the Epoch. = DT.fromtimestamp(, ) # Aware datetime from seconds since the Epoch. ``` @@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ from dateutil.tz import UTC, tzlocal, gettz, datetime_exists, resolve_imaginary ```python = .isoformat(sep='T') # Also timespec='auto/hours/minutes/seconds'. = .strftime('') # Custom string representation. - = .toordinal() # Days since Christ, ignoring time and tz. + = .toordinal() # Days since Gregorian NYE 1, ignoring time and tz. = .timestamp() # Seconds since the Epoch, from DTn in local tz. = .timestamp() # Seconds since the Epoch, from DTa. ``` @@ -2050,19 +2050,19 @@ from threading import Thread, RLock, Semaphore, Event, Barrier ### Thread ```python - = Thread(target=) # Use `args=` to set arguments. -.start() # Starts the thread. - = .is_alive() # Checks if thread has finished executing. -.join() # Waits for thread to finish. + = Thread(target=) # Use `args=` to set arguments. +.start() # Starts the thread. + = .is_alive() # Checks if thread has finished executing. +.join() # Waits for thread to finish. ``` * **Use `'kwargs='` to pass keyword arguments to the function.** * **Use `'daemon=True'`, or the program will not be able to exit while the thread is alive.** ### Lock ```python - = RLock() # Lock that can only be released by the owner. -.acquire() # Waits for lock to be available. -.release() # Makes lock available again. + = RLock() # Lock that can only be released by the owner. +.acquire() # Waits for lock to be available. +.release() # Makes lock available again. ``` #### Or: @@ -2074,9 +2074,9 @@ with lock: ### Semaphore, Event, Barrier ```python - = Semaphore(value=1) # Lock that can be acquired by 'value' threads. - = Event() # Method wait() blocks until set() is called. - = Barrier(n_times) # Method wait() blocks until it's called n_times. + = Semaphore(value=1) # Lock that can be acquired by 'value' threads. + = Event() # Method wait() blocks until set() is called. + = Barrier(n_times) # Wait() blocks until it's called n_times. ``` ### Thread Pool Executor @@ -2086,15 +2086,15 @@ from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor ``` ```python - = ThreadPoolExecutor([max_workers]) # Use max_workers to limit the number of threads. -.shutdown(wait=True) # Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor: …` + = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None) # Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as : …` +.shutdown(wait=True) # Cleans-up the resources associated with Exec. ``` ```python - = .map(, , ...) # A multithreaded and non-lazy map(). - = .submit(, , ...) # Starts a thread and returns its Future object. - = .done() # Checks if thread has finished executing. - = .result() # Waits for thread to finish and returns result. + = .map(, , ...) # A multithreaded and non-lazy map(). + = .submit(, , ...) # Starts a thread and returns its Future object. + = .done() # Checks if the thread has finished executing. + = .result() # Waits for thread to finish and returns result. ``` ### Queue @@ -2105,10 +2105,10 @@ from queue import Queue ``` ```python -.put() # Blocks until queue stops being full. -.put_nowait() # Raises queue.Full exception if full. - = .get() # Blocks until queue stops being empty. - = .get_nowait() # Raises queue.Empty exception if empty. +.put() # Blocks until queue stops being full. +.put_nowait() # Raises queue.Full exception if full. + = .get() # Blocks until queue stops being empty. + = .get_nowait() # Raises queue.Empty exception if empty. ``` @@ -2158,7 +2158,7 @@ delattr(, '') # Equivalent to `del . = signature() # Signature object of the function. + = signature() # Function's Signature object. = .parameters # Dict of function's Parameter objects. = .name # Parameter's name. = .kind # Member of ParameterKind enum. diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index e42ebc3..ec84c42 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -615,9 +615,9 @@ to_exclusive = <range>.stop

Random

from random import random, randint, choice, shuffle, gauss, seed
 
-<float> = random()
-<int>   = randint(from_inclusive, to_inclusive)
-<el>    = choice(<list>)
+<float> = random()                       # A float inside [0, 1).
+<int>   = randint(from_inc, to_inc)      # An int inside [from_inc, to_inc].
+<el>    = choice(<list>)                 # Keeps the list intact.

Bin, Hex

<int> = ±0b<bin>                         # Or: ±0x<hex>
@@ -694,13 +694,13 @@ to_exclusive   = <range>.stop
 
Timezone
<tzinfo> = UTC                              # UTC timezone. London without DST.
 <tzinfo> = tzlocal()                        # Local timezone. Also gettz().
 <tzinfo> = gettz('<Continent>/<City>')      # 'Continent/City_Name' timezone or None.
-<DTa>    = <DT>.astimezone(<tzinfo>)        # Datetime, converted to passed timezone.
-<Ta/DTa> = <T/DT>.replace(tzinfo=<tzinfo>)  # Unconverted object with new timezone.
+<DTa>    = <DT>.astimezone(<tzinfo>)        # Datetime, converted to the passed timezone.
+<Ta/DTa> = <T/DT>.replace(tzinfo=<tzinfo>)  # Unconverted object with a new timezone.
 

 
 
Encode
<D/T/DT> = D/T/DT.fromisoformat('<iso>')    # Object from ISO string. Raises ValueError.
 <DT>     = DT.strptime(<str>, '<format>')   # Datetime from str, according to format.
-<D/DTn>  = D/DT.fromordinal(<int>)          # D/DTn from days since Christ, at midnight.
+<D/DTn>  = D/DT.fromordinal(<int>)          # D/DTn from days since the Gregorian NYE 1.
 <DTn>    = DT.fromtimestamp(<real>)         # Local time DTn from seconds since the Epoch.
 <DTa>    = DT.fromtimestamp(<real>, <tz.>)  # Aware datetime from seconds since the Epoch.
 

@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ to_exclusive   = <range>.stop
 
 
Decode
<str>    = <D/T/DT>.isoformat(sep='T')      # Also timespec='auto/hours/minutes/seconds'.
 <str>    = <D/T/DT>.strftime('<format>')    # Custom string representation.
-<int>    = <D/DT>.toordinal()               # Days since Christ, ignoring time and tz.
+<int>    = <D/DT>.toordinal()               # Days since Gregorian NYE 1, ignoring time and tz.
 <float>  = <DTn>.timestamp()                # Seconds since the Epoch, from DTn in local tz.
 <float>  = <DTa>.timestamp()                # Seconds since the Epoch, from DTa.
 

@@ -1835,19 +1835,19 @@ CompletedProcess(args=['bc', Thread
<Thread> = Thread(target=<function>)          # Use `args=<collection>` to set arguments.
-<Thread>.start()                              # Starts the thread.
-<bool> = <Thread>.is_alive()                  # Checks if thread has finished executing.
-<Thread>.join()                               # Waits for thread to finish.
+
Thread
<Thread> = Thread(target=<function>)           # Use `args=<collection>` to set arguments.
+<Thread>.start()                               # Starts the thread.
+<bool> = <Thread>.is_alive()                   # Checks if thread has finished executing.
+<Thread>.join()                                # Waits for thread to finish.
 

 
 
    
 
  • Use 'kwargs=<dict>' to pass keyword arguments to the function.
    • 
 
  • Use 'daemon=True', or the program will not be able to exit while the thread is alive.
    • 
 

-
Lock
<lock> = RLock()                              # Lock that can only be released by the owner.
-<lock>.acquire()                              # Waits for lock to be available.
-<lock>.release()                              # Makes lock available again.
+
Lock
<lock> = RLock()                               # Lock that can only be released by the owner.
+<lock>.acquire()                               # Waits for lock to be available.
+<lock>.release()                               # Makes lock available again.
 

 
 
Or:
lock = RLock()
@@ -1855,32 +1855,32 @@ CompletedProcess(args=['bc', Semaphore, Event, Barrier
<Semaphore> = Semaphore(value=1)              # Lock that can be acquired by 'value' threads.
-<Event>     = Event()                         # Method wait() blocks until set() is called.
-<Barrier>   = Barrier(n_times)                # Method wait() blocks until it's called n_times.
+
Semaphore, Event, Barrier
<Semaphore> = Semaphore(value=1)               # Lock that can be acquired by 'value' threads.
+<Event>     = Event()                          # Method wait() blocks until set() is called.
+<Barrier>   = Barrier(n_times)                 # Wait() blocks until it's called n_times.
 

 
 
Thread Pool Executor
Object that manages thread execution.
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 

 
 
-
<Exec> = ThreadPoolExecutor([max_workers])    # Use max_workers to limit the number of threads.
-<Exec>.shutdown(wait=True)                    # Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor: …`
+
<Exec> = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=None)  # Or: `with ThreadPoolExecutor() as <name>: …`
+<Exec>.shutdown(wait=True)                     # Cleans-up the resources associated with Exec.
 

-
<iter> = <Exec>.map(<func>, <args_1>, ...)    # A multithreaded and non-lazy map().
-<Futr> = <Exec>.submit(<func>, <arg_1>, ...)  # Starts a thread and returns its Future object.
-<bool> = <Futr>.done()                        # Checks if thread has finished executing.
-<obj>  = <Futr>.result()                      # Waits for thread to finish and returns result.
+
<iter> = <Exec>.map(<func>, <args_1>, ...)     # A multithreaded and non-lazy map().
+<Futr> = <Exec>.submit(<func>, <arg_1>, ...)   # Starts a thread and returns its Future object.
+<bool> = <Futr>.done()                         # Checks if the thread has finished executing.
+<obj>  = <Futr>.result()                       # Waits for thread to finish and returns result.
 

 
Queue
A thread-safe FIFO queue. For LIFO queue use LifoQueue.
from queue import Queue
 <Queue> = Queue(maxsize=0)
 

 
 
-
<Queue>.put(<el>)                             # Blocks until queue stops being full.
-<Queue>.put_nowait(<el>)                      # Raises queue.Full exception if full.
-<el> = <Queue>.get()                          # Blocks until queue stops being empty.
-<el> = <Queue>.get_nowait()                   # Raises queue.Empty exception if empty.
+
<Queue>.put(<el>)                              # Blocks until queue stops being full.
+<Queue>.put_nowait(<el>)                       # Raises queue.Full exception if full.
+<el> = <Queue>.get()                           # Blocks until queue stops being empty.
+<el> = <Queue>.get_nowait()                    # Raises queue.Empty exception if empty.
 

 
#Operator
Module of functions that provide the functionality of operators.
from operator import add, sub, mul, truediv, floordiv, mod, pow, neg, abs
 from operator import eq, ne, lt, le, gt, ge
@@ -1914,7 +1914,7 @@ delattr(<object>, '<attr_name>')
 

 
 
Parameters
from inspect import signature
-<Sig>  = signature(<function>)             # Signature object of the function.
+<Sig>  = signature(<function>)             # Function's Signature object.
 <dict> = <Sig>.parameters                  # Dict of function's Parameter objects.
 <str>  = <Param>.name                      # Parameter's name.
 <memb> = <Param>.kind                      # Member of ParameterKind enum.