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python-cheatsheet
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Pygame, removed spaces before EOL

pull/121/head
Jure Šorn 3 years ago
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2 changed files with 33 additions and 33 deletions
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  1. 26
      README.md
  2. 40
      index.html

26
README.md
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@ -1906,7 +1906,7 @@ with <conn>: # Exits the block with commit()
1
>>> conn.execute('SELECT * FROM person').fetchall()
[(1, 'Jean-Luc', 187)]
```
```
### MySQL
**Has a very similar interface, with differences listed below.**
@ -2401,14 +2401,14 @@ Curses
------
#### Runs a basic file explorer in the terminal:
```python
from curses import wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_UP, KEY_DOWN, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
from curses import wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_DOWN, KEY_UP, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
from os import listdir, path, chdir
def main(screen):
ch, first, selected, paths = 0, 0, 0, listdir()
while ch != ascii.ESC:
height, _ = screen.getmaxyx()
screen.clear()
screen.erase()
for y, filename in enumerate(paths[first : first+height]):
screen.addstr(y, 0, filename, A_REVERSE * (selected == first + y))
ch = screen.getch()
@ -2872,7 +2872,7 @@ def write_to_wav_file(filename, float_samples, nchannels=1, sampwidth=2, framera
a_float = max(-1, min(1 - 2e-16, a_float))
a_float += sampwidth == 1
a_float *= pow(2, sampwidth * 8 - 1)
return int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, 'little', signed=sampwidth!=1)
return int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, 'little', signed=sampwidth!=1)
with wave.open(filename, 'wb') as file:
file.setnchannels(nchannels)
file.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
@ -2949,8 +2949,8 @@ screen = pg.display.set_mode((500, 500))
rect = pg.Rect(240, 240, 20, 20)
while all(event.type != pg.QUIT for event in pg.event.get()):
deltas = {pg.K_UP: (0, -1), pg.K_RIGHT: (1, 0), pg.K_DOWN: (0, 1), pg.K_LEFT: (-1, 0)}
for key_code, is_pressed in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
rect = rect.move(deltas[key_code]) if key_code in deltas and is_pressed else rect
for ch, is_pressed in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
rect = rect.move(deltas[ch]) if ch in deltas and is_pressed else rect
screen.fill((0, 0, 0))
pg.draw.rect(screen, (255, 255, 255), rect)
pg.display.flip()
@ -3046,7 +3046,7 @@ def run(screen, images, mario, tiles):
clock = pg.time.Clock()
while all(event.type != pg.QUIT for event in pg.event.get()):
keys = {pg.K_UP: D.n, pg.K_RIGHT: D.e, pg.K_DOWN: D.s, pg.K_LEFT: D.w}
pressed = {keys.get(i) for i, on in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) if on}
pressed = {keys.get(ch) for ch, is_prsd in enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) if is_prsd}
update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)
update_position(mario, tiles)
draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)
@ -3216,9 +3216,9 @@ b 3 4
#### Merge, Join, Concat:
```python
>>> l = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=['a', 'b'], columns=['x', 'y'])
x y
a 1 2
b 3 4
x y
a 1 2
b 3 4
>>> r = DataFrame([[4, 5], [6, 7]], index=['b', 'c'], columns=['y', 'z'])
y z
b 4 5
@ -3263,7 +3263,7 @@ c 6 7
<DF> = <DF>.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill/interpl() # Or: <DF>.apply/agg/transform(<trans_func>)
<DF> = <DF>.fillna(<el>) # Or: <DF>.applymap(<map_func>)
```
* **All operations operate on columns by default. Use `'axis=1'` parameter to process the rows instead.**
* **All operations operate on columns by default. Use `'axis=1'` parameter to process the rows instead.**
```python
>>> df = DataFrame([[1, 2], [3, 4]], index=['a', 'b'], columns=['x', 'y'])
@ -3331,7 +3331,7 @@ c 7 8
#### Aggregate, Transform, Map:
```python
<DF> = <GB>.sum/max/mean/idxmax/all() # Or: <GB>.apply/agg(<agg_func>)
<DF> = <GB>.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() # Or: <GB>.aggregate(<trans_func>)
<DF> = <GB>.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() # Or: <GB>.aggregate(<trans_func>)
<DF> = <GB>.fillna(<el>) # Or: <GB>.transform(<map_func>)
```
@ -3386,7 +3386,7 @@ from plotly.express import line
<div id="2a950764-39fc-416d-97fe-0a6226a3095f" class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:340px; width:100%;"></div>
```python
covid = pd.read_csv('https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv',
covid = pd.read_csv('https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv',
usecols=['iso_code', 'date', 'total_deaths', 'population'])
continents = pd.read_csv('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/stevewithington/20a69c0b6d2ff'
'846ea5d35e5fc47f26c/raw/country-and-continent-codes-list-csv.csv',

40
index.html
View File

@ -1960,14 +1960,14 @@ print(table)
</code></pre></div></div>
<div><h2 id="curses"><a href="#curses" name="curses">#</a>Curses</h2><div><h4 id="runsabasicfileexplorerintheterminal">Runs a basic file explorer in the terminal:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> curses <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_UP, KEY_DOWN, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
<div><h2 id="curses"><a href="#curses" name="curses">#</a>Curses</h2><div><h4 id="runsabasicfileexplorerintheterminal">Runs a basic file explorer in the terminal:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> curses <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> wrapper, ascii, A_REVERSE, KEY_DOWN, KEY_UP, KEY_LEFT, KEY_RIGHT, KEY_ENTER
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> os <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> listdir, path, chdir
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen)</span>:</span>
ch, first, selected, paths = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, listdir()
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ch != ascii.ESC:
height, _ = screen.getmaxyx()
screen.clear()
screen.erase()
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> y, filename <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(paths[first : first+height]):
screen.addstr(y, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, filename, A_REVERSE * (selected == first + y))
ch = screen.getch()
@ -2034,7 +2034,7 @@ WIKI_URL = <span class="hljs-string">'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(prog
version = table.find(<span class="hljs-string">'th'</span>, text=<span class="hljs-string">'Stable release'</span>).next_sibling.strings.__next__()
logo_url = table.find(<span class="hljs-string">'img'</span>)[<span class="hljs-string">'src'</span>]
logo = requests.get(<span class="hljs-string">f'https:<span class="hljs-subst">{logo_url}</span>'</span>).content
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> open(<span class="hljs-string">'test.png'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> open(os.path.basename(logo_url), <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
file.write(logo)
print(python_url, version)
<span class="hljs-keyword">except</span> requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
@ -2101,8 +2101,8 @@ duration = perf_counter() - start_time
<div><h3 id="profilingbyline">Profiling by Line</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install line_profiler memory_profiler</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@profile</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
a = [*range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>)]
b = {*range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>)}
l = list(range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>))
s = set(range(<span class="hljs-number">10000</span>))
main()
</code></pre></div>
@ -2111,16 +2111,16 @@ Line # Hits Time Per Hit % Time Line Contents
=======================================================
1 @profile
2 def main():
3 1 955.0 955.0 43.7 a = [*range(10000)]
4 1 1231.0 1231.0 56.3 b = {*range(10000)}
3 1 955.0 955.0 43.7 l = list(range(10000))
4 1 1231.0 1231.0 56.3 s = set(range(10000))
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="text language-text">$ python3 -m memory_profiler test.py
Line # Mem usage Increment Line Contents
=======================================================
1 37.668 MiB 37.668 MiB @profile
2 def main():
3 38.012 MiB 0.344 MiB a = [*range(10000)]
4 38.477 MiB 0.465 MiB b = {*range(10000)}
3 38.012 MiB 0.344 MiB l = list(range(10000))
4 38.477 MiB 0.465 MiB s = set(range(10000))
</code></pre>
<div><h3 id="callgraph">Call Graph</h3><div><h4 id="generatesapngimageofthecallgraphwithhighlightedbottlenecks">Generates a PNG image of the call graph with highlighted bottlenecks:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-comment"># $ pip3 install pycallgraph2</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> pycallgraph2 <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> output, PyCallGraph
@ -2274,7 +2274,7 @@ frames = []
y = sum(range(velocity))
frame = Image.new(<span class="hljs-string">'L'</span>, (WIDTH, WIDTH))
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(frame)
draw.ellipse((WIDTH/<span class="hljs-number">2</span>-R, y, WIDTH/<span class="hljs-number">2</span>+R, y+R*<span class="hljs-number">2</span>), fill=<span class="hljs-string">'white'</span>)
draw.ellipse(((WIDTH / <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) - R, y, (WIDTH / <span class="hljs-number">2</span>) + R, y + (R * <span class="hljs-number">2</span>)), fill=<span class="hljs-string">'white'</span>)
frames.append(frame)
frames += reversed(frames[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>:<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>])
imageio.mimsave(<span class="hljs-string">'test.gif'</span>, frames, duration=<span class="hljs-number">0.03</span>)
@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ nframes = &lt;Wave_read&gt;.getnframes() <span class="hljs-comment"
a_float = max(<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, min(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> - <span class="hljs-number">2e-16</span>, a_float))
a_float += sampwidth == <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
a_float *= pow(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, sampwidth * <span class="hljs-number">8</span> - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, <span class="hljs-string">'little'</span>, signed=sampwidth!=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> int(a_float).to_bytes(sampwidth, <span class="hljs-string">'little'</span>, signed=sampwidth!=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> wave.open(filename, <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> file:
file.setnchannels(nchannels)
file.setsampwidth(sampwidth)
@ -2392,8 +2392,8 @@ screen = pg.display.set_mode((<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class=
rect = pg.Rect(<span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> all(event.type != pg.QUIT <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> event <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pg.event.get()):
deltas = {pg.K_UP: (<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>), pg.K_RIGHT: (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>), pg.K_DOWN: (<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>), pg.K_LEFT: (<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)}
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> key_code, is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
rect = rect.move(deltas[key_code]) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> key_code <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> deltas <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> rect
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ch, is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()):
rect = rect.move(deltas[ch]) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> ch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> deltas <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> is_pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> rect
screen.fill((<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>))
pg.draw.rect(screen, (<span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>), rect)
pg.display.flip()
@ -2472,7 +2472,7 @@ SIZE, MAX_SPEED = <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, P(<span class="hljs-numbe
clock = pg.time.Clock()
<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> all(event.type != pg.QUIT <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> event <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pg.event.get()):
keys = {pg.K_UP: D.n, pg.K_RIGHT: D.e, pg.K_DOWN: D.s, pg.K_LEFT: D.w}
pressed = {keys.get(i) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, on <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> on}
pressed = {keys.get(ch) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> ch, is_prsd <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> enumerate(pg.key.get_pressed()) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> is_prsd}
update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)
update_position(mario, tiles)
draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)
@ -2606,9 +2606,9 @@ b <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;DF&gt;.sort_values(column_key/s) <span class="hljs-comment"># Sorts rows by the passed column/s.</span>
</code></pre>
<div><h4 id="mergejoinconcat">Merge, Join, Concat:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>l = DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]], index=[<span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>], columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'x'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>])
x y
a <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
b <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
x y
a <span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
b <span class="hljs-number">3</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>r = DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>]], index=[<span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'c'</span>], columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'z'</span>])
y z
b <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
@ -2651,7 +2651,7 @@ c <span class="hljs-number">6</span> <span class="hljs-number">7</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ul>
<li><strong>All operations operate on columns by default. Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'axis=1'</span></code> parameter to process the rows instead.</strong> </li>
<li><strong>All operations operate on columns by default. Use <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'axis=1'</span></code> parameter to process the rows instead.</strong></li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>df = DataFrame([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>]], index=[<span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'b'</span>], columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'x'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'y'</span>])
x y
@ -2704,7 +2704,7 @@ c <span class="hljs-number">7</span> <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.get_group(group_key/s) <span class="hljs-comment"># Selects a group by value of grouping column.</span>
</code></pre>
<div><h4 id="aggregatetransformmap-2">Aggregate, Transform, Map:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.sum/max/mean/idxmax/all() <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.apply/agg(&lt;agg_func&gt;)</span>
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.aggregate(&lt;trans_func&gt;) </span>
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.rank/diff/cumsum/ffill() <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.aggregate(&lt;trans_func&gt;)</span>
&lt;DF&gt; = &lt;GB&gt;.fillna(&lt;el&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: &lt;GB&gt;.transform(&lt;map_func&gt;)</span>
</code></pre></div>
@ -2742,7 +2742,7 @@ c <span class="hljs-number">7</span> <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
&lt;Figure&gt;.write_html/json/image(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;path&gt;'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Also: &lt;Figure&gt;.show()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div><h4 id="coviddeathsbycontinent">Covid deaths by continent:</h4><p></p><div id="2a950764-39fc-416d-97fe-0a6226a3095f" class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:340px; width:100%;"></div><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">covid = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv'</span>,
<div><h4 id="coviddeathsbycontinent">Covid deaths by continent:</h4><p></p><div id="2a950764-39fc-416d-97fe-0a6226a3095f" class="plotly-graph-div" style="height:340px; width:100%;"></div><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">covid = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'https://covid.ourworldindata.org/data/owid-covid-data.csv'</span>,
usecols=[<span class="hljs-string">'iso_code'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'date'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'total_deaths'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'population'</span>])
continents = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/stevewithington/20a69c0b6d2ff'</span>
<span class="hljs-string">'846ea5d35e5fc47f26c/raw/country-and-continent-codes-list-csv.csv'</span>,

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