Open, Introspection, Plot, Pygame

README.md

@@ -1571,14 +1571,14 @@ Open
 * **`'newline=""'` means no conversions take place, but input is still broken into chunks by readline() and readlines() on every '\n', '\r' and '\r\n'.**
 
 ### Modes
-* **`'r'`  - Read (default).**
-* **`'w'`  - Write (truncate, i.e. delete existing contents).**
+* **`'r'`  - Read. Used by default.**
+* **`'w'`  - Write. Deletes existing contents.**
 * **`'x'`  - Write or fail if the file already exists.**
-* **`'a'`  - Append.**
-* **`'w+'` - Read and write (truncate).**
+* **`'a'`  - Append. Creates new file if it doesn't exist.**
+* **`'w+'` - Read and write. Deletes existing contents.**
 * **`'r+'` - Read and write from the start.**
 * **`'a+'` - Read and write from the end.**
-* **`'b'`  - Binary mode (`'br'`, `'bw'`, `'bx'`, …).**
+* **`'b'`  - Binary mode (`'br'`, `'bw'`, `'bx'`, …)**
 
 ### Exceptions
 * **`'FileNotFoundError'` can be raised when reading with `'r'` or `'r+'`.**
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ delattr(<obj>, '<attr_name>')           # Same. Also `del <object>.<attr_name>`.
 
 ```python
 <Sig>  = inspect.signature(<function>)  # Returns function's Signature object.
-<dict> = <Sig>.parameters               # Dict of Parameter objects. Also <Sig>.return_type.
+<dict> = <Sig>.parameters               # Dict of Parameters. Also <Sig>.return_annotation.
 <memb> = <Param>.kind                   # Member of ParamKind enum (Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, …).
 <obj>  = <Param>.default                # Returns parameter's default value or Parameter.empty.
 <type> = <Param>.annotation             # Returns parameter's type hint or Parameter.empty.
@@ -2413,7 +2413,7 @@ import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
 plt.plot/bar/scatter(x_data, y_data [, label=<str>])  # Or: plt.plot(y_data)
 plt.legend()                                          # Adds a legend.
-plt.title/xlabel/ylabel(<str>)                        # Adds a title/labels.
+plt.title/xlabel/ylabel(<str>)                        # Adds a title/label.
 plt.savefig(<path>)                                   # Saves the figure.
 plt.show()                                            # Displays the figure.
 plt.clf()                                             # Clears the figure.
@@ -3100,7 +3100,7 @@ def run(screen, images, mario, tiles):
         pressed -= {keys.get(e.key) for e in pg.event.get(pg.KEYUP)}
         update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)
         update_position(mario, tiles)
-        draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)
+        draw(screen, images, mario, tiles)
 
 def update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed):
     x, y = mario.spd
@@ -3114,7 +3114,8 @@ def update_position(mario, tiles):
     n_steps = max(abs(s) for s in mario.spd)
     for _ in range(n_steps):
         mario.spd = stop_on_collision(mario.spd, get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles))
-        mario.rect.topleft = x, y = x + (mario.spd.x / n_steps), y + (mario.spd.y / n_steps)
+        x, y = x + (mario.spd.x / n_steps), y + (mario.spd.y / n_steps)
+        mario.rect.topleft = x, y
 
 def get_boundaries(rect, tiles):
     deltas = {D.n: P(0, -1), D.e: P(1, 0), D.s: P(0, 1), D.w: P(-1, 0)}
@@ -3124,16 +3125,15 @@ def stop_on_collision(spd, bounds):
     return P(x=0 if (D.w in bounds and spd.x < 0) or (D.e in bounds and spd.x > 0) else spd.x,
              y=0 if (D.n in bounds and spd.y < 0) or (D.s in bounds and spd.y > 0) else spd.y)
 
-def draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed):
-    def get_marios_image_index():
-        if D.s not in get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles):
-            return 4
-        return next(mario.frame_cycle) if {D.w, D.e} & pressed else 6
+def draw(screen, images, mario, tiles):
     screen.fill((85, 168, 255))
-    mario.facing_left = (D.w in pressed) if {D.w, D.e} & pressed else mario.facing_left
-    screen.blit(images[get_marios_image_index() + mario.facing_left * 9], mario.rect)
+    mario.facing_left = mario.spd.x < 0 if mario.spd.x else mario.facing_left
+    is_airborne = D.s not in get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles)
+    image_index = 4 if is_airborne else (next(mario.frame_cycle) if mario.spd.x else 6)
+    screen.blit(images[image_index + mario.facing_left * 9], mario.rect)
     for t in tiles:
-        screen.blit(images[18 if t.x in [0, (W-1)*16] or t.y in [0, (H-1)*16] else 19], t)
+        is_border = t.x in [0, (W-1)*16] or t.y in [0, (H-1)*16]
+        screen.blit(images[18 if is_border else 19], t)
     pg.display.flip()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

index.html

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
 <body>
   <header>
-    <aside>August 28, 2024</aside>
+    <aside>September 1, 2024</aside>
     <a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>
   </header>
 
@@ -1333,14 +1333,14 @@ p.add_argument(<span class="hljs-string">'&lt;name&gt;'</span>, type=&lt;type&gt
 <li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'newline=""'</span></code> means no conversions take place, but input is still broken into chunks by readline() and readlines() on every '\n', '\r' and '\r\n'.</strong></li>
 </ul>
 <div><h3 id="modes">Modes</h3><ul>
-<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'r'</span></code>  - Read (default).</strong></li>
-<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'w'</span></code>  - Write (truncate, i.e. delete existing contents).</strong></li>
+<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'r'</span></code>  - Read. Used by default.</strong></li>
+<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'w'</span></code>  - Write. Deletes existing contents.</strong></li>
 <li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'x'</span></code>  - Write or fail if the file already exists.</strong></li>
-<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'a'</span></code>  - Append.</strong></li>
-<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'w+'</span></code> - Read and write (truncate).</strong></li>
+<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'a'</span></code>  - Append. Creates new file if it doesn't exist.</strong></li>
+<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'w+'</span></code> - Read and write. Deletes existing contents.</strong></li>
 <li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'r+'</span></code> - Read and write from the start.</strong></li>
 <li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'a+'</span></code> - Read and write from the end.</strong></li>
-<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'b'</span></code>  - Binary mode (<code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'br'</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'bw'</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'bx'</span></code>, …).</strong></li>
+<li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'b'</span></code>  - Binary mode (<code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'br'</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'bw'</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'bx'</span></code>, …)</strong></li>
 </ul><div><h3 id="exceptions-1">Exceptions</h3><ul>
 <li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'FileNotFoundError'</span></code> can be raised when reading with <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'r'</span></code> or <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'r+'</span></code>.</strong></li>
 <li><strong><code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'FileExistsError'</span></code> can be raised when writing with <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'x'</span></code>.</strong></li>
@@ -1891,7 +1891,7 @@ setattr(&lt;obj&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>, value
 delattr(&lt;obj&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>)           <span class="hljs-comment"># Same. Also `del &lt;object&gt;.&lt;attr_name&gt;`.</span>
 </code></pre>
 <pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Sig&gt;  = inspect.signature(&lt;function&gt;)  <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns function's Signature object.</span>
-&lt;dict&gt; = &lt;Sig&gt;.parameters               <span class="hljs-comment"># Dict of Parameter objects. Also &lt;Sig&gt;.return_type.</span>
+&lt;dict&gt; = &lt;Sig&gt;.parameters               <span class="hljs-comment"># Dict of Parameters. Also &lt;Sig&gt;.return_annotation.</span>
 &lt;memb&gt; = &lt;Param&gt;.kind                   <span class="hljs-comment"># Member of ParamKind enum (Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY, …).</span>
 &lt;obj&gt;  = &lt;Param&gt;.default                <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns parameter's default value or Parameter.empty.</span>
 &lt;type&gt; = &lt;Param&gt;.annotation             <span class="hljs-comment"># Returns parameter's type hint or Parameter.empty.</span>
@@ -1980,7 +1980,7 @@ Processing: 100%|████████████████████| 3
 
 plt.plot/bar/scatter(x_data, y_data [, label=&lt;str&gt;])  <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: plt.plot(y_data)</span>
 plt.legend()                                          <span class="hljs-comment"># Adds a legend.</span>
-plt.title/xlabel/ylabel(&lt;str&gt;)                        <span class="hljs-comment"># Adds a title/labels.</span>
+plt.title/xlabel/ylabel(&lt;str&gt;)                        <span class="hljs-comment"># Adds a title/label.</span>
 plt.savefig(&lt;path&gt;)                                   <span class="hljs-comment"># Saves the figure.</span>
 plt.show()                                            <span class="hljs-comment"># Displays the figure.</span>
 plt.clf()                                             <span class="hljs-comment"># Clears the figure.</span>
@@ -2533,7 +2533,7 @@ W, H, MAX_S = <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50<
         pressed -= {keys.get(e.key) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> e <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pg.event.get(pg.KEYUP)}
         update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)
         update_position(mario, tiles)
-        draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)
+        draw(screen, images, mario, tiles)
 
 <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">update_speed</span><span class="hljs-params">(mario, tiles, pressed)</span>:</span>
     x, y = mario.spd
@@ -2547,7 +2547,8 @@ W, H, MAX_S = <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50<
     n_steps = max(abs(s) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> s <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> mario.spd)
     <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _ <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(n_steps):
         mario.spd = stop_on_collision(mario.spd, get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles))
-        mario.rect.topleft = x, y = x + (mario.spd.x / n_steps), y + (mario.spd.y / n_steps)
+        x, y = x + (mario.spd.x / n_steps), y + (mario.spd.y / n_steps)
+        mario.rect.topleft = x, y
 
 <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_boundaries</span><span class="hljs-params">(rect, tiles)</span>:</span>
     deltas = {D.n: P(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>), D.e: P(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>), D.s: P(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>), D.w: P(<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)}
@@ -2557,16 +2558,15 @@ W, H, MAX_S = <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50<
     <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> P(x=<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (D.w <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.x &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> (D.e <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.x &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> spd.x,
              y=<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (D.n <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.y &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> (D.s <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.y &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> spd.y)
 
-<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">draw</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)</span>:</span>
-    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_marios_image_index</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
-        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> D.s <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles):
-            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>
-        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> next(mario.frame_cycle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> {D.w, D.e} &amp; pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span>
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">draw</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen, images, mario, tiles)</span>:</span>
     screen.fill((<span class="hljs-number">85</span>, <span class="hljs-number">168</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>))
-    mario.facing_left = (D.w <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pressed) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> {D.w, D.e} &amp; pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> mario.facing_left
-    screen.blit(images[get_marios_image_index() + mario.facing_left * <span class="hljs-number">9</span>], mario.rect)
+    mario.facing_left = mario.spd.x &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> mario.spd.x <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> mario.facing_left
+    is_airborne = D.s <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles)
+    image_index = <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> is_airborne <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> (next(mario.frame_cycle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> mario.spd.x <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+    screen.blit(images[image_index + mario.facing_left * <span class="hljs-number">9</span>], mario.rect)
     <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> t <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> tiles:
-        screen.blit(images[<span class="hljs-number">18</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> t.x <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (W-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> t.y <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (H-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">19</span>], t)
+        is_border = t.x <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (W-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> t.y <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (H-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>]
+        screen.blit(images[<span class="hljs-number">18</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> is_border <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">19</span>], t)
     pg.display.flip()
 
 <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
@@ -2933,7 +2933,7 @@ $ deactivate                  <span class="hljs-comment"># Deactivates the activ
  
 
   <footer>
-    <aside>August 28, 2024</aside>
+    <aside>September 1, 2024</aside>
     <a href="https://gto76.github.io" rel="author">Jure Šorn</a>
   </footer>
 

parse.js

@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ const MARIO =
   '        pressed -= {keys.get(e.key) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> e <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pg.event.get(pg.KEYUP)}\n' +
   '        update_speed(mario, tiles, pressed)\n' +
   '        update_position(mario, tiles)\n' +
-  '        draw(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)\n' +
+  '        draw(screen, images, mario, tiles)\n' +
   '\n' +
   '<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">update_speed</span><span class="hljs-params">(mario, tiles, pressed)</span>:</span>\n' +
   '    x, y = mario.spd\n' +
@@ -275,7 +275,8 @@ const MARIO =
   '    n_steps = max(abs(s) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> s <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> mario.spd)\n' +
   '    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _ <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(n_steps):\n' +
   '        mario.spd = stop_on_collision(mario.spd, get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles))\n' +
-  '        mario.rect.topleft = x, y = x + (mario.spd.x / n_steps), y + (mario.spd.y / n_steps)\n' +
+  '        x, y = x + (mario.spd.x / n_steps), y + (mario.spd.y / n_steps)\n' +
+  '        mario.rect.topleft = x, y\n' +
   '\n' +
   '<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_boundaries</span><span class="hljs-params">(rect, tiles)</span>:</span>\n' +
   '    deltas = {D.n: P(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>), D.e: P(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>), D.s: P(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>), D.w: P(<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)}\n' +
@@ -285,16 +286,15 @@ const MARIO =
   '    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> P(x=<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (D.w <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.x &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> (D.e <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.x &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> spd.x,\n' +
   '             y=<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (D.n <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.y &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> (D.s <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> bounds <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> spd.y &gt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> spd.y)\n' +
   '\n' +
-  '<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">draw</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen, images, mario, tiles, pressed)</span>:</span>\n' +
-  '    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_marios_image_index</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>\n' +
-  '        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> D.s <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles):\n' +
-  '            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">4</span>\n' +
-  '        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> next(mario.frame_cycle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> {D.w, D.e} &amp; pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span>\n' +
+  '<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">draw</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen, images, mario, tiles)</span>:</span>\n' +
   '    screen.fill((<span class="hljs-number">85</span>, <span class="hljs-number">168</span>, <span class="hljs-number">255</span>))\n' +
-  '    mario.facing_left = (D.w <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> pressed) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> {D.w, D.e} &amp; pressed <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> mario.facing_left\n' +
-  '    screen.blit(images[get_marios_image_index() + mario.facing_left * <span class="hljs-number">9</span>], mario.rect)\n' +
+  '    mario.facing_left = mario.spd.x &lt; <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> mario.spd.x <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> mario.facing_left\n' +
+  '    is_airborne = D.s <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> get_boundaries(mario.rect, tiles)\n' +
+  '    image_index = <span class="hljs-number">4</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> is_airborne <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> (next(mario.frame_cycle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> mario.spd.x <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)\n' +
+  '    screen.blit(images[image_index + mario.facing_left * <span class="hljs-number">9</span>], mario.rect)\n' +
   '    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> t <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> tiles:\n' +
-  '        screen.blit(images[<span class="hljs-number">18</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> t.x <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (W-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> t.y <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (H-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">19</span>], t)\n' +
+  '        is_border = t.x <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (W-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>] <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> t.y <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, (H-<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)*<span class="hljs-number">16</span>]\n' +
+  '        screen.blit(images[<span class="hljs-number">18</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> is_border <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-number">19</span>], t)\n' +
   '    pg.display.flip()\n' +
   '\n' +
   '<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">\'__main__\'</span>:\n' +