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python-cheatsheet
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      README.md
  2. 51
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51
README.md
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@ -392,9 +392,8 @@ import re
Format Format
------ ------
```python ```python
<str> = f'{<el_1>}, {<el_2>}' # Curly braces also accept expressions.
<str> = '{}, {}'.format(<el_1>, <el_2>) # Or: '{0}, {1}'.format(<el_1>, <el_2>)
<str> = '%s, %s' % (<el_1>, <el_2>) # Redundant and inferior C style formatting.
<str> = f'{<el_1>}, {<el_2>}' # Or: '{}, {}'.format(<el_1>, <el_2>)
<str> = '%s, %s' % (<el_1>, <el_2>) # Redundant and inferior C style formatting.
``` ```
### Attributes ### Attributes
@ -409,40 +408,40 @@ Format
### General Options ### General Options
```python ```python
{<el>:<10} # '<el> '
{<el>:^10} # ' <el> '
{<el>:>10} # ' <el>'
{<el>:.<10} # '<el>......'
{<el>:0} # '<el>'
{<el>:<10} # '<el> '
{<el>:^10} # ' <el> '
{<el>:>10} # ' <el>'
{<el>:.<10} # '<el>......'
{<el>:0} # '<el>'
``` ```
* **Options can be generated dynamically: `f'{<el>:{<str/int>}[…]}'`.** * **Options can be generated dynamically: `f'{<el>:{<str/int>}[…]}'`.**
* **Adding `'!r'` before the colon converts object to string by calling its [repr()](#class) method.** * **Adding `'!r'` before the colon converts object to string by calling its [repr()](#class) method.**
### Strings ### Strings
```python ```python
{'abcde':10} # 'abcde '
{'abcde':10.3} # 'abc '
{'abcde':.3} # 'abc'
{'abcde'!r:10} # "'abcde' "
{'abcde':10} # 'abcde '
{'abcde':10.3} # 'abc '
{'abcde':.3} # 'abc'
{'abcde'!r:10} # "'abcde' "
``` ```
### Numbers ### Numbers
```python ```python
{123456:10} # ' 123456'
{123456:10,} # ' 123,456'
{123456:10_} # ' 123_456'
{123456:+10} # ' +123456'
{123456:=+10} # '+ 123456'
{123456: } # ' 123456'
{-123456: } # '-123456'
{123456:10} # ' 123456'
{123456:10,} # ' 123,456'
{123456:10_} # ' 123_456'
{123456:+10} # ' +123456'
{123456:=+10} # '+ 123456'
{123456: } # ' 123456'
{-123456: } # '-123456'
``` ```
### Floats ### Floats
```python ```python
{1.23456:10.3} # ' 1.23'
{1.23456:10.3f} # ' 1.235'
{1.23456:10.3e} # ' 1.235e+00'
{1.23456:10.3%} # ' 123.456%'
{1.23456:10.3} # ' 1.23'
{1.23456:10.3f} # ' 1.235'
{1.23456:10.3e} # ' 1.235e+00'
{1.23456:10.3%} # ' 123.456%'
``` ```
#### Comparison of presentation types: #### Comparison of presentation types:
@ -476,9 +475,9 @@ Format
### Ints ### Ints
```python ```python
{90:c} # 'Z'
{90:b} # '1011010'
{90:X} # '5A'
{90:c} # 'Z'
{90:b} # '1011010'
{90:X} # '5A'
``` ```

51
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@ -365,9 +365,8 @@ to_exclusive = &lt;range&gt;.stop
<li><strong>As shown above, it restricts all special sequence matches to the first 128 characters and prevents <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'\s'</span></code> from accepting <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'[\x1c-\x1f]'</span></code> (the so-called separator characters).</strong></li> <li><strong>As shown above, it restricts all special sequence matches to the first 128 characters and prevents <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'\s'</span></code> from accepting <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'[\x1c-\x1f]'</span></code> (the so-called separator characters).</strong></li>
<li><strong>Use a capital letter for negation (all non-ASCII characters will be matched when used in combination with ASCII flag).</strong></li> <li><strong>Use a capital letter for negation (all non-ASCII characters will be matched when used in combination with ASCII flag).</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h2 id="format"><a href="#format" name="format">#</a>Format</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;str&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">f'<span class="hljs-subst">{&lt;el_1&gt;}</span>, <span class="hljs-subst">{&lt;el_2&gt;}</span>'</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># Curly braces also accept expressions.</span>
&lt;str&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">'{}, {}'</span>.format(&lt;el_1&gt;, &lt;el_2&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: '{0}, {1}'.format(&lt;el_1&gt;, &lt;el_2&gt;)</span>
&lt;str&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">'%s, %s'</span> % (&lt;el_1&gt;, &lt;el_2&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Redundant and inferior C style formatting.</span>
<div><h2 id="format"><a href="#format" name="format">#</a>Format</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;str&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">f'<span class="hljs-subst">{&lt;el_1&gt;}</span>, <span class="hljs-subst">{&lt;el_2&gt;}</span>'</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: '{}, {}'.format(&lt;el_1&gt;, &lt;el_2&gt;)</span>
&lt;str&gt; = <span class="hljs-string">'%s, %s'</span> % (&lt;el_1&gt;, &lt;el_2&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Redundant and inferior C style formatting.</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="attributes">Attributes</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>Person = collections.namedtuple(<span class="hljs-string">'Person'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'name height'</span>) <div><h3 id="attributes">Attributes</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>Person = collections.namedtuple(<span class="hljs-string">'Person'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'name height'</span>)
@ -378,36 +377,36 @@ to_exclusive = &lt;range&gt;.stop
<span class="hljs-string">'187'</span> <span class="hljs-string">'187'</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="generaloptions">General Options</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{&lt;el&gt;:&lt;<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '&lt;el&gt; '</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:^<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' &lt;el&gt; '</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:&gt;<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' &lt;el&gt;'</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:.&lt;<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '&lt;el&gt;......'</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '&lt;el&gt;'</span>
<div><h3 id="generaloptions">General Options</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{&lt;el&gt;:&lt;<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '&lt;el&gt; '</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:^<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' &lt;el&gt; '</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:&gt;<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' &lt;el&gt;'</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:.&lt;<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '&lt;el&gt;......'</span>
{&lt;el&gt;:<span class="hljs-number">0</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '&lt;el&gt;'</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<ul> <ul>
<li><strong>Options can be generated dynamically: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">f'<span class="hljs-subst">{&lt;el&gt;:{&lt;str/int&gt;}</span>[…]}'</span></code>.</strong></li> <li><strong>Options can be generated dynamically: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">f'<span class="hljs-subst">{&lt;el&gt;:{&lt;str/int&gt;}</span>[…]}'</span></code>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Adding <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'!r'</span></code> before the colon converts object to string by calling its <a href="#class">repr()</a> method.</strong></li> <li><strong>Adding <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'!r'</span></code> before the colon converts object to string by calling its <a href="#class">repr()</a> method.</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h3 id="strings">Strings</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'abcde '</span>
{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'abc '</span>
{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>:<span class="hljs-number">.3</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'abc'</span>
{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>!r:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># "'abcde' "</span>
<div><h3 id="strings">Strings</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'abcde '</span>
{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'abc '</span>
{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>:<span class="hljs-number">.3</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'abc'</span>
{<span class="hljs-string">'abcde'</span>!r:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># "'abcde' "</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="numbers-1">Numbers</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>,} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123,456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>_} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123_456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:+<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' +123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:=+<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '+ 123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>: } <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">-123456</span>: } <span class="hljs-comment"># '-123456'</span>
<div><h3 id="numbers-1">Numbers</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>,} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123,456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10</span>_} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123_456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:+<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' +123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>:=+<span class="hljs-number">10</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># '+ 123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">123456</span>: } <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123456'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">-123456</span>: } <span class="hljs-comment"># '-123456'</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="floats">Floats</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 1.23'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>f} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 1.235'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>e} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 1.235e+00'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>%} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123.456%'</span>
<div><h3 id="floats">Floats</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 1.23'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>f} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 1.235'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>e} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 1.235e+00'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">1.23456</span>:<span class="hljs-number">10.3</span>%} <span class="hljs-comment"># ' 123.456%'</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h4 id="comparisonofpresentationtypes">Comparison of presentation types:</h4><pre><code class="text language-text">┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ <div><h4 id="comparisonofpresentationtypes">Comparison of presentation types:</h4><pre><code class="text language-text">┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
@ -439,9 +438,9 @@ to_exclusive = &lt;range&gt;.stop
<li><strong>When both rounding up and rounding down are possible, the one that returns result with even last digit is chosen. That makes <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'{6.5:.0f}'</span></code> a <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'6'</span></code> and <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'{7.5:.0f}'</span></code> an <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'8'</span></code>.</strong></li> <li><strong>When both rounding up and rounding down are possible, the one that returns result with even last digit is chosen. That makes <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'{6.5:.0f}'</span></code> a <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'6'</span></code> and <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'{7.5:.0f}'</span></code> an <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'8'</span></code>.</strong></li>
<li><strong>This rule only effects numbers that can be represented exactly by a float (<code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-number">.5</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-number">.25</span></code>, …).</strong></li> <li><strong>This rule only effects numbers that can be represented exactly by a float (<code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-number">.5</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-number">.25</span></code>, …).</strong></li>
</ul> </ul>
<div><h3 id="ints">Ints</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:c} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'Z'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:b} <span class="hljs-comment"># '1011010'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:X} <span class="hljs-comment"># '5A'</span>
<div><h3 id="ints">Ints</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:c} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'Z'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:b} <span class="hljs-comment"># '1011010'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:X} <span class="hljs-comment"># '5A'</span>
</code></pre></div> </code></pre></div>
<div><h2 id="numbers"><a href="#numbers" name="numbers">#</a>Numbers</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;int&gt; = int(&lt;float/str/bool&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: math.floor(&lt;float&gt;)</span> <div><h2 id="numbers"><a href="#numbers" name="numbers">#</a>Numbers</h2><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;int&gt; = int(&lt;float/str/bool&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Or: math.floor(&lt;float&gt;)</span>

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