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python-cheatsheet
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Small fixes

pull/54/head
Jure Šorn 4 years ago
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9f0af6b3ef
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7987149413
3 changed files with 21 additions and 26 deletions
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  1. 22
      README.md
  2. 23
      index.html
  3. 2
      pdf/index_for_pdf.html

22
README.md
View File

@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ Iterator
<list> = list(<iter>) # Returns a list of iterator's remaining elements.
```
### Itertools
```python
from itertools import count, repeat, cycle, chain, islice
@ -256,7 +255,7 @@ Type
(<class 'str'>, <class 'str'>, <class 'str'>)
```
#### Some types do not have built-in names, so they must be imported:
#### Some types don't have built-in names, so they must be imported:
```python
from types import FunctionType, MethodType, LambdaType, GeneratorType
```
@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ Format
+---------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
```
### Ints
### Integers
```python
{90:c} # 'Z'
{90:b} # '1011010'
@ -852,7 +851,7 @@ from functools import partial
* **Partial is also useful in cases when function needs to be passed as an argument, because it enables us to set its arguments beforehand.**
* **A few examples being: `'defaultdict(<function>)'`, `'iter(<function>, to_exclusive)'` and dataclass's `'field(default_factory=<function>)'`.**
### Nonlocal
### Non-Local
**If variable is being assigned to anywhere in the scope, it is regarded as a local variable, unless it is declared as a 'global' or a 'nonlocal'.**
```python
@ -1499,7 +1498,7 @@ script_name = sys.argv[0]
arguments = sys.argv[1:]
```
### Argparse
### Argument Parser
```python
from argparse import ArgumentParser, FileType
p = ArgumentParser(description=<str>)
@ -2141,9 +2140,6 @@ Introspection
```python
<list> = dir(<object>) # Names of object's attributes (incl. methods).
<dict> = vars(<object>) # Dict of object's fields. Also <obj>.__dict__.
```
```python
<bool> = hasattr(<object>, '<attr_name>')
value = getattr(<object>, '<attr_name>')
setattr(<object>, '<attr_name>', value)
@ -2284,10 +2280,10 @@ def main(screen):
async def main_coroutine(screen):
state = {'*': P(0, 0), **{id_: P(30, 10) for id_ in range(10)}}
moves = asyncio.Queue()
coros = (*(random_controller(id_, moves) for id_ in range(10)),
coros = [*[random_controller(id_, moves) for id_ in range(10)],
human_controller(screen, moves),
model(moves, state, *screen.getmaxyx()),
view(state, screen))
view(state, screen)]
await asyncio.wait(coros, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)
async def random_controller(id_, moves):
@ -2929,7 +2925,7 @@ while all(event.type != pg.QUIT for event in pg.event.get()):
pg.display.flip()
```
### Rect
### Rectangle
**Object for storing rectangular coordinates.**
```python
<Rect> = pg.Rect(x, y, width, height)
@ -2987,9 +2983,9 @@ pg.draw.ellipse(<Surf>, color, <Rect>)
<Sound>.play() # Starts playing the sound.
```
### Super Mario Bros. Example
### Basic Mario Brothers Example
```python
import collections, dataclasses, enum, io, math, pygame, urllib.request, itertools as it
import collections, dataclasses, enum, io, pygame, urllib.request, itertools as it
from random import randint
P = collections.namedtuple('P', 'x y') # Position

23
index.html
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@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ to_exclusive = &lt;range&gt;.stop
<pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>type(<span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>), <span class="hljs-string">'a'</span>.__class__, str
(&lt;<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-title">class</span> '<span class="hljs-title">str</span>'&gt;, &lt;<span class="hljs-title">class</span> '<span class="hljs-title">str</span>'&gt;, &lt;<span class="hljs-title">class</span> '<span class="hljs-title">str</span>'&gt;)
</span></code></pre>
<div><h4 id="sometypesdonothavebuiltinnamessotheymustbeimported">Some types do not have built-in names, so they must be imported:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> types <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FunctionType, MethodType, LambdaType, GeneratorType
<div><h4 id="sometypesdonthavebuiltinnamessotheymustbeimported">Some types don't have built-in names, so they must be imported:</h4><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> types <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> FunctionType, MethodType, LambdaType, GeneratorType
</code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="abstractbaseclasses">Abstract Base Classes</h3><p><strong>Each abstract base class specifies a set of virtual subclasses. These classes are then recognized by isinstance() and issubclass() as subclasses of the ABC, although they are really not.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> collections.abc <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Sequence, Collection, Iterable
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ to_exclusive = &lt;range&gt;.stop
| 567.89 | '5.7e+02' | '567.89' | '5.68e+02' | '56789.00%' |
+---------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
</code></pre>
<div><h3 id="ints">Ints</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:c} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'Z'</span>
<div><h3 id="integers">Integers</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:c} <span class="hljs-comment"># 'Z'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:b} <span class="hljs-comment"># '1011010'</span>
{<span class="hljs-number">90</span>:X} <span class="hljs-comment"># '5A'</span>
</code></pre></div>
@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ creature = Creature(Point(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs
<li><strong>Partial is also useful in cases when function needs to be passed as an argument, because it enables us to set its arguments beforehand.</strong></li>
<li><strong>A few examples being: <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'defaultdict(&lt;function&gt;)'</span></code>, <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'iter(&lt;function&gt;, to_exclusive)'</span></code> and dataclass's <code class="python hljs"><span class="hljs-string">'field(default_factory=&lt;function&gt;)'</span></code>.</strong></li>
</ul>
<div><h3 id="nonlocal">Nonlocal</h3><p><strong>If variable is being assigned to anywhere in the scope, it is regarded as a local variable, unless it is declared as a 'global' or a 'nonlocal'.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_counter</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
<div><h3 id="nonlocal">Non-Local</h3><p><strong>If variable is being assigned to anywhere in the scope, it is regarded as a local variable, unless it is declared as a 'global' or a 'nonlocal'.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_counter</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">out</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">nonlocal</span> i
@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ script_name = sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
arguments = sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>:]
</code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="argparse">Argparse</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> argparse <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ArgumentParser, FileType
<div><h3 id="argumentparser">Argument Parser</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> argparse <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> ArgumentParser, FileType
p = ArgumentParser(description=&lt;str&gt;)
p.add_argument(<span class="hljs-string">'-&lt;short_name&gt;'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'--&lt;name&gt;'</span>, action=<span class="hljs-string">'store_true'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Flag</span>
p.add_argument(<span class="hljs-string">'-&lt;short_name&gt;'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'--&lt;name&gt;'</span>, type=&lt;type&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Option</span>
@ -1876,13 +1876,12 @@ last_el = op.methodcaller(<span class="hljs-string">'pop'</span>)(&lt;l
<div><h3 id="attributes-1">Attributes</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;list&gt; = dir(&lt;object&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Names of object's attributes (incl. methods).</span>
&lt;dict&gt; = vars(&lt;object&gt;) <span class="hljs-comment"># Dict of object's fields. Also &lt;obj&gt;.__dict__.</span>
</code></pre></div>
<pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;bool&gt; = hasattr(&lt;object&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>)
&lt;bool&gt; = hasattr(&lt;object&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>)
value = getattr(&lt;object&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>)
setattr(&lt;object&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>, value)
delattr(&lt;object&gt;, <span class="hljs-string">'&lt;attr_name&gt;'</span>)
</code></pre>
</code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="parameters-1">Parameters</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> inspect <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> signature
&lt;sig&gt; = signature(&lt;function&gt;)
no_of_params = len(&lt;sig&gt;.parameters)
@ -1980,10 +1979,10 @@ D = enum.Enum(<span class="hljs-string">'D'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'n
<span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">main_coroutine</span><span class="hljs-params">(screen)</span>:</span>
state = {<span class="hljs-string">'*'</span>: P(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>), **{id_: P(<span class="hljs-number">30</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> id_ <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)}}
moves = asyncio.Queue()
coros = (*(random_controller(id_, moves) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> id_ <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)),
coros = [*[random_controller(id_, moves) <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> id_ <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)],
human_controller(screen, moves),
model(moves, state, *screen.getmaxyx()),
view(state, screen))
view(state, screen)]
<span class="hljs-keyword">await</span> asyncio.wait(coros, return_when=asyncio.FIRST_COMPLETED)
<span class="hljs-keyword">async</span> <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">random_controller</span><span class="hljs-params">(id_, moves)</span>:</span>
@ -2493,7 +2492,7 @@ rect = pg.Rect(<span class="hljs-number">240</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2
</code></pre></div></div>
<div><h3 id="rect">Rect</h3><p><strong>Object for storing rectangular coordinates.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Rect&gt; = pg.Rect(x, y, width, height)
<div><h3 id="rectangle">Rectangle</h3><p><strong>Object for storing rectangular coordinates.</strong></p><pre><code class="python language-python hljs">&lt;Rect&gt; = pg.Rect(x, y, width, height)
&lt;int&gt; = &lt;Rect&gt;.x/y/centerx/centery/…
&lt;tup.&gt; = &lt;Rect&gt;.topleft/center/…
&lt;Rect&gt; = &lt;Rect&gt;.move((x, y))
@ -2535,7 +2534,7 @@ pg.draw.ellipse(&lt;Surf&gt;, color, &lt;Rect&gt;)
&lt;Sound&gt;.play() <span class="hljs-comment"># Starts playing the sound.</span>
</code></pre></div>
<div><h3 id="supermariobrosexample">Super Mario Bros. Example</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> collections, dataclasses, enum, io, math, pygame, urllib.request, itertools <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> it
<div><h3 id="basicmariobrothersexample">Basic Mario Brothers Example</h3><pre><code class="python language-python hljs"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> collections, dataclasses, enum, io, pygame, urllib.request, itertools <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> it
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> random <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> randint
P = collections.namedtuple(<span class="hljs-string">'P'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'x y'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># Position</span>

2
pdf/index_for_pdf.html
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
<strong>all function, <a href="#anyall">11</a></strong><br>
<strong>animation, <a href="#animation">40</a></strong><br>
<strong>any function, <a href="#anyall">11</a></strong><br>
<strong>argparse module, <a href="#argparse">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>argparse module, <a href="#argumentparser">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>arguments, <a href="#arguments">10</a></strong><br>
<strong>arrays, <a href="#array">29</a></strong><br>
<strong>audio, <a href="#audio">40</a>-<a href="#writefloatsamplestowavfile">41</a></strong> </p>

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