**Each abstract base class specifies a set of virtual subclasses. These classes are then recognized by isinstance() and issubclass() as subclasses of the ABC, although they are really not. ABC can also manually decide whether or not a specific class is its virtual subclass, usually based on which methods the class has implemented. For instance, Collection ABC looks for methods iter(), contains() and len(), while Iterable ABC only looks for method iter().**
**Each abstract base class specifies a set of virtual subclasses. These classes are then recognized by isinstance() and issubclass() as subclasses of the ABC, although they are really not. ABC can also manually decide whether or not a specific class is its virtual subclass, usually based on which methods the class has implemented. For instance, Iterable ABC looks for method iter() while Collection ABC looks for methods iter(), contains() and len().**
```python
>>> from collections.abc import Sequence, Collection, Iterable
>>> from collections.abc import Iterable, Collection, Sequence
<div><h4id="sometypesdonothavebuiltinnamessotheymustbeimported">Some types do not have built-in names, so they must be imported:</h4><pre><codeclass="python language-python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-keyword">from</span> types <spanclass="hljs-keyword">import</span> FunctionType, MethodType, LambdaType, GeneratorType, ModuleType
</code></pre></div>
<div><h3id="abstractbaseclasses">Abstract Base Classes</h3><p><strong>Each abstract base class specifies a set of virtual subclasses. These classes are then recognized by isinstance() and issubclass() as subclasses of the ABC, although they are really not. ABC can also manually decide whether or not a specific class is its virtual subclass, usually based on which methods the class has implemented. For instance, Collection ABC looks for methods iter(), contains() and len(), while Iterable ABC only looks for method iter().</strong></p><pre><codeclass="python language-python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-meta">>>></span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">from</span> collections.abc <spanclass="hljs-keyword">import</span>Sequence, Collection, Iterable
<div><h3id="abstractbaseclasses">Abstract Base Classes</h3><p><strong>Each abstract base class specifies a set of virtual subclasses. These classes are then recognized by isinstance() and issubclass() as subclasses of the ABC, although they are really not. ABC can also manually decide whether or not a specific class is its virtual subclass, usually based on which methods the class has implemented. For instance, Iterable ABC looks for method iter() while Collection ABC looks for methods iter(), contains() and len().</strong></p><pre><codeclass="python language-python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-meta">>>></span><spanclass="hljs-keyword">from</span> collections.abc <spanclass="hljs-keyword">import</span>Iterable, Collection, Sequence
<div><h2id="string"><ahref="#string"name="string">#</a>String</h2><pre><codeclass="python language-python hljs"><str> = <str>.strip() <spanclass="hljs-comment"># Strips all whitespace characters from both ends.</span>
<li><strong>Argument 'new' can be a function that accepts a match and returns a string.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Search() and match() return None if they can't find a match.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Argument <codeclass="python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-string">'flags=re.IGNORECASE'</span></code> can be used with all functions.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Argument <codeclass="python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-string">'flags=re.MULTILINE'</span></code> makes <codeclass="python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-string">'^'</span></code> and <codeclass="python hljs"><spanclass="hljs-string">'$'</span></code> match the start/end of each line.</strong></li>
Jure Šorn
3 years ago