From 5b1ece25ca2de8c49daa0e735346de7a6c7764f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Jure=20=C5=A0orn?= Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2024 16:03:49 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Duck types, Logging, Coroutines, Web, Image --- README.md | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------ index.html | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- parse.js | 2 +- 3 files changed, 47 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 4c00a28..723e817 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1327,8 +1327,7 @@ class MyAbcSequence(abc.Sequence): +------------+------------+------------+------------+--------------+ ``` * **Method iter() is required for `'isinstance(, abc.Iterable)'` to return True, however any object with getitem() will work with any code expecting an iterable.** -* **Other extendable ABCs: MutableSequence, Set, MutableSet, Mapping, MutableMapping.** -* **Names of their required methods are stored in `'.__abstractmethods__'`.** +* **MutableSequence, Set, MutableSet, Mapping and MutableMapping ABCs are also extendable. Use `'.__abstractmethods__'` to get names of required methods.** Enum @@ -2161,7 +2160,7 @@ with : # Enters the block by calling acq = .cancel() # Cancels or returns False if running/finished. = as_completed() # `next()` returns next completed Future. ``` -* **Map() and as\_completed() also accept 'timeout'. It causes futures.TimeoutError when next() is called/blocking. Map() times from original call and as_completed() from first call to next(). As\_completed() fails if next() is called too late, even if all threads have finished.** +* **Map() and as\_completed() also accept 'timeout'. It causes futures.TimeoutError when next() is called/blocking. Map() times from original call and as_completed() from first call to next(). As\_completed() fails if next() is called too late, even if all threads are done.** * **Exceptions that happen inside threads are raised when map iterator's next() or Future's result() are called. Future's exception() method returns exception object or None.** * **ProcessPoolExecutor provides true parallelism but: everything sent to/from workers must be [pickable](#pickle), queues must be sent using executor's 'initargs' and 'initializer' parameters, and executor should only be reachable via `'if __name__ == "__main__": ...'`.** @@ -2245,9 +2244,9 @@ import logging as log ```python log.basicConfig(filename=, level='DEBUG') # Configures the root logger (see Setup). -log.debug/info/warning/error/critical() # Logs to the root logger. - = log.getLogger(__name__) # Logger named after the module. -.() # Logs to the logger. +log.debug/info/warning/error/critical() # Sends message to the root logger. + = log.getLogger(__name__) # Returns logger named after the module. +.() # Sends message to the logger. .exception() # Error() that appends caught exception. ``` @@ -2321,7 +2320,7 @@ Coroutines ---------- * **Coroutines have a lot in common with threads, but unlike threads, they only give up control when they call another coroutine and they don’t use as much memory.** * **Coroutine definition starts with `'async'` and its call with `'await'`.** -* **`'asyncio.run()'` is the main entry point for asynchronous programs.** +* **Use `'asyncio.run()'` to start the first/main coroutine.** ```python import asyncio as aio @@ -2329,9 +2328,9 @@ import asyncio as aio ```python = () # Creates a coroutine by calling async def function. - = await # Starts the coroutine and returns result. + = await # Starts the coroutine and returns its result. = aio.create_task() # Schedules the coroutine for execution. - = await # Returns result. Also .cancel(). + = await # Returns coroutine's result. Also .cancel(). ``` ```python @@ -2355,7 +2354,7 @@ def main(screen): async def main_coroutine(screen): moves = asyncio.Queue() - state = {'*': P(0, 0), **{id_: P(W//2, H//2) for id_ in range(10)}} + state = {'*': P(0, 0)} | {id_: P(W//2, H//2) for id_ in range(10)} ai = [random_controller(id_, moves) for id_ in range(10)] mvc = [human_controller(screen, moves), model(moves, state), view(state, screen)] tasks = [asyncio.create_task(coro) for coro in ai + mvc] @@ -2549,12 +2548,12 @@ Web **Flask is a micro web framework/server. If you just want to open a html file in a web browser use `'webbrowser.open()'` instead.** ```python # $ pip3 install flask -import flask +import flask as fl ``` ```python -app = flask.Flask(__name__) # Returns app object. Put at the top. -app.run(host=None, port=None, debug=None) # Or: $ flask --app FILE run [--ARG[=VAL]] +app = fl.Flask(__name__) # Returns app object. Put at the top. +app.run(host=None, port=None, debug=None) # Or: $ flask --app FILE run [--ARG[=VAL] …] ``` * **Starts the app at `'http://localhost:5000'`. Use `'host="0.0.0.0"'` to run externally.** * **Install a WSGI server like [Waitress](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/latest/deploying/waitress/) and a HTTP server such as [Nginx](https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/latest/deploying/nginx/) for better security.** @@ -2564,25 +2563,25 @@ app.run(host=None, port=None, debug=None) # Or: $ flask --app FILE run [--ARG[= ```python @app.route('/img/') def serve_file(filename): - return flask.send_from_directory('dirname/', filename) + return fl.send_from_directory('dirname/', filename) ``` ### Dynamic Request ```python @app.route('/') def serve_html(sport): - return flask.render_template_string('

{{title}}

', title=sport) + return fl.render_template_string('

{{title}}

', title=sport) ``` -* **Use `'render_template(filename, )'` to render file located in templates dir.** -* **To return an error code use `'abort()'` and to redirect use `'redirect()'`.** -* **`'request.args[]'` returns parameter from the query string (URL part after '?').** -* **`'session[] = '` stores session data. Needs `'app.secret_key = '`.** +* **`'fl.render_template(filename, )'` renders a file located in 'templates' dir.** +* **`'fl.abort()'` returns error code and `'return fl.redirect()'` redirects.** +* **`'fl.request.args[]'` returns parameter from the query string (URL right of '?').** +* **`'fl.session[] = '` stores session data. It requires secret key to be set at the startup with `'app.secret_key = '`.** ### REST Request ```python @app.post('//odds') def serve_json(sport): - team = flask.request.form['team'] + team = fl.request.form['team'] return {'team': team, 'odds': [2.09, 3.74, 3.68]} ``` @@ -2592,8 +2591,7 @@ def serve_json(sport): >>> import threading, requests >>> threading.Thread(target=app.run, daemon=True).start() >>> url = 'http://localhost:5000/football/odds' ->>> request_data = {'team': 'arsenal f.c.'} ->>> response = requests.post(url, data=request_data) +>>> response = requests.post(url, data={'team': 'arsenal f.c.'}) >>> response.json() {'team': 'arsenal f.c.', 'odds': [2.09, 3.74, 3.68]} ``` @@ -2833,10 +2831,10 @@ from PIL import ImageDraw = ImageDraw.Draw() # Object for adding 2D graphics to the image. .point((x, y)) # Draws a point. Truncates floats into ints. .line((x1, y1, x2, y2 [, ...])) # To get anti-aliasing use Image's resize(). -.arc((x1, y1, x2, y2), deg1, deg2) # Always draws in clockwise direction. +.arc((x1, y1, x2, y2), deg1, deg2) # Draws in clockwise dir. Also pieslice(). .rectangle((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste(). .polygon((x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)) # Last point gets connected to the first. -.ellipse((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste(). +.ellipse((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # Also rounded_rectangle(), regular_polygon(). .text((x, y), , font=) # ` = ImageFont.truetype(, size)` ``` * **Use `'fill='` to set the primary color.** diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index a534d91..4cc4645 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
- +
@@ -1132,8 +1132,7 @@ Hello World!
  • Method iter() is required for 'isinstance(<obj>, abc.Iterable)' to return True, however any object with getitem() will work with any code expecting an iterable.
    • -
  • Other extendable ABCs: MutableSequence, Set, MutableSet, Mapping, MutableMapping.
    • -
  • Names of their required methods are stored in '<abc>.__abstractmethods__'.
    • +
  • MutableSequence, Set, MutableSet, Mapping and MutableMapping ABCs are also extendable. Use '<abc>.__abstractmethods__' to get names of required methods.

#Enum

Class of named constants called members.

from enum import Enum, auto
@@ -1770,7 +1769,7 @@ CompletedProcess(args=['bc', # `next(<iter>)` returns next completed Future.
    -
  • Map() and as_completed() also accept 'timeout'. It causes futures.TimeoutError when next() is called/blocking. Map() times from original call and as_completed() from first call to next(). As_completed() fails if next() is called too late, even if all threads have finished.
    • +
  • Map() and as_completed() also accept 'timeout'. It causes futures.TimeoutError when next() is called/blocking. Map() times from original call and as_completed() from first call to next(). As_completed() fails if next() is called too late, even if all threads are done.
  • Exceptions that happen inside threads are raised when map iterator's next() or Future's result() are called. Future's exception() method returns exception object or None.
  • ProcessPoolExecutor provides true parallelism but: everything sent to/from workers must be pickable, queues must be sent using executor's 'initargs' and 'initializer' parameters, and executor should only be reachable via 'if __name__ == "__main__": ...'.
@@ -1836,9 +1835,9 @@ first_element = op.methodcaller('pop', 
log.basicConfig(filename=<path>, level='DEBUG')   # Configures the root logger (see Setup).
-log.debug/info/warning/error/critical(<str>)      # Logs to the root logger.
-<Logger> = log.getLogger(__name__)                # Logger named after the module.
-<Logger>.<level>(<str>)                           # Logs to the logger.
+log.debug/info/warning/error/critical(<str>)      # Sends message to the root logger.
+<Logger> = log.getLogger(__name__)                # Returns logger named after the module.
+<Logger>.<level>(<str>)                           # Sends message to the logger.
 <Logger>.exception(<str>)                         # Error() that appends caught exception.

Setup

log.basicConfig(
@@ -1897,15 +1896,15 @@ delattr(<obj>, '<attr_name>')
 
#Coroutines
    
 
  • Coroutines have a lot in common with threads, but unlike threads, they only give up control when they call another coroutine and they don’t use as much memory.
    • 
 
  • Coroutine definition starts with 'async' and its call with 'await'.
    • 
-
  • 'asyncio.run(<coroutine>)' is the main entry point for asynchronous programs.
    • 
+
  • Use 'asyncio.run(<coroutine>)' to start the first/main coroutine.
    • 
 
import asyncio as aio
 

 
 
 
<coro> = <async_function>(<args>)         # Creates a coroutine by calling async def function.
-<obj>  = await <coroutine>                # Starts the coroutine and returns result.
+<obj>  = await <coroutine>                # Starts the coroutine and returns its result.
 <task> = aio.create_task(<coroutine>)     # Schedules the coroutine for execution.
-<obj>  = await <task>                     # Returns result. Also <task>.cancel().
+<obj>  = await <task>                     # Returns coroutine's result. Also <task>.cancel().
 

 
<coro> = aio.gather(<coro/task>, ...)     # Schedules coros. Returns list of results on await.
 <coro> = aio.wait(<tasks>, …)             # `aio.ALL/FIRST_COMPLETED`. Returns (done, pending).
@@ -1924,7 +1923,7 @@ W, H = 15, 7
 
 async def main_coroutine(screen):
     moves = asyncio.Queue()
-    state = {'*': P(0, 0), **{id_: P(W//2, H//2) for id_ in range(10)}}
+    state = {'*': P(0, 0)} | {id_: P(W//2, H//2) for id_ in range(10)}
     ai    = [random_controller(id_, moves) for id_ in range(10)]
     mvc   = [human_controller(screen, moves), model(moves, state), view(state, screen)]
     tasks = [asyncio.create_task(coro) for coro in ai + mvc]
@@ -2082,12 +2081,12 @@ print(f'{python_url},

#Web

Flask is a micro web framework/server. If you just want to open a html file in a web browser use 'webbrowser.open(<path>)' instead.

# $ pip3 install flask
-import flask
+import flask as fl
-
app = flask.Flask(__name__)                # Returns app object. Put at the top.
-app.run(host=None, port=None, debug=None)  # Or: $ flask --app FILE run [--ARG[=VAL]]
+
app = fl.Flask(__name__)                   # Returns app object. Put at the top.
+app.run(host=None, port=None, debug=None)  # Or: $ flask --app FILE run [--ARG[=VAL] …]
 

 
    
 
  • Starts the app at 'http://localhost:5000'. Use 'host="0.0.0.0"' to run externally.
    • 
@@ -2096,23 +2095,23 @@ app.run(host=None, port=Static Request
    @app.route('/img/<path:filename>')
 def serve_file(filename):
-    return flask.send_from_directory('dirname/', filename)
+    return fl.send_from_directory('dirname/', filename)
 
    
 
 
    Dynamic Request
    @app.route('/<sport>')
 def serve_html(sport):
-    return flask.render_template_string('<h1>{{title}}</h1>', title=sport)
+    return fl.render_template_string('<h1>{{title}}</h1>', title=sport)
 
    
 
 
      
-
    • Use 'render_template(filename, <kwargs>)' to render file located in templates dir.
      • 
-
    • To return an error code use 'abort(<int>)' and to redirect use 'redirect(<url>)'.
      • 
-
    • 'request.args[<str>]' returns parameter from the query string (URL part after '?').
      • 
-
    • 'session[<str>] = <obj>' stores session data. Needs 'app.secret_key = <str>'.
      • 
+
    • 'fl.render_template(filename, <kwargs>)' renders a file located in 'templates' dir.
      • 
+
    • 'fl.abort(<int>)' returns error code and 'return fl.redirect(<url>)' redirects.
      • 
+
    • 'fl.request.args[<str>]' returns parameter from the query string (URL right of '?').
      • 
+
    • 'fl.session[<str>] = <obj>' stores session data. It requires secret key to be set at the startup with 'app.secret_key = <str>'.
      • 
 
    
 
    REST Request
    @app.post('/<sport>/odds')
 def serve_json(sport):
-    team = flask.request.form['team']
+    team = fl.request.form['team']
     return {'team': team, 'odds': [2.09, 3.74, 3.68]}
 
    
 
@@ -2120,8 +2119,7 @@ app.run(host=None, port=>>> import threading, requests
 >>> threading.Thread(target=app.run, daemon=True).start()
 >>> url = 'http://localhost:5000/football/odds'
->>> request_data = {'team': 'arsenal f.c.'}
->>> response = requests.post(url, data=request_data)
+>>> response = requests.post(url, data={'team': 'arsenal f.c.'})
 >>> response.json()
 {'team': 'arsenal f.c.', 'odds': [2.09, 3.74, 3.68]}
@@ -2305,10 +2303,10 @@ img.show() <Draw> = ImageDraw.Draw(<Image>) # Object for adding 2D graphics to the image. <Draw>.point((x, y)) # Draws a point. Truncates floats into ints. <Draw>.line((x1, y1, x2, y2 [, ...])) # To get anti-aliasing use Image's resize(). -<Draw>.arc((x1, y1, x2, y2), deg1, deg2) # Always draws in clockwise direction. +<Draw>.arc((x1, y1, x2, y2), deg1, deg2) # Draws in clockwise dir. Also pieslice(). <Draw>.rectangle((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste(). <Draw>.polygon((x1, y1, x2, y2, ...)) # Last point gets connected to the first. -<Draw>.ellipse((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # To rotate use Image's rotate() and paste(). +<Draw>.ellipse((x1, y1, x2, y2)) # Also rounded_rectangle(), regular_polygon(). <Draw>.text((x, y), <str>, font=<Font>) # `<Font> = ImageFont.truetype(<path>, size)` @@ -2928,7 +2926,7 @@ $ deactivate # Deactivates the active
- +
diff --git a/parse.js b/parse.js index 90f870a..f1839ac 100755 --- a/parse.js +++ b/parse.js @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ const COROUTINES = '\n' + 'async def main_coroutine(screen):\n' + ' moves = asyncio.Queue()\n' + - ' state = {\'*\': P(0, 0), **{id_: P(W//2, H//2) for id_ in range(10)}}\n' + + ' state = {\'*\': P(0, 0)} | {id_: P(W//2, H//2) for id_ in range(10)}\n' + ' ai = [random_controller(id_, moves) for id_ in range(10)]\n' + ' mvc = [human_controller(screen, moves), model(moves, state), view(state, screen)]\n' + ' tasks = [asyncio.create_task(coro) for coro in ai + mvc]\n' +