diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3280ab1..fe62bac 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ class : return cls.__name__ ``` * **Return value of repr() should be unambiguous and of str() readable.** -* **If only repr() is defined, it will be also used for str().** +* **If only repr() is defined, it will also be used for str().** #### Str() use cases: ```python @@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ Duck Types ### Comparable * **If eq() method is not overridden, it returns `'id(self) == id(other)'`, which is the same as `'self is other'`.** * **That means all objects compare not equal by default.** -* **Only left side object has eq() method called, unless it returns 'NotImplemented', in which case the right object is consulted.** +* **Only the left side object has eq() method called, unless it returns NotImplemented, in which case the right object is consulted.** ```python class MyComparable: @@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ class MySortable: ``` ### Iterator -* **Next() should return next item or raise 'StopIteration'.** +* **Next() should return next item or raise StopIteration.** * **Iter() should return 'self'.** ```python class Counter: @@ -1226,7 +1226,7 @@ class MyCollection: ### Sequence * **Only required methods are len() and getitem().** -* **Getitem() should return an item at index or raise 'IndexError'.** +* **Getitem() should return an item at index or raise IndexError.** * **Iter() and contains() automatically work on any object that has getitem() defined.** * **Reversed() automatically works on any object that has getitem() and len() defined.** ```python @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ class MySequence: ### Collections.abc.Sequence * **It's a richer interface than the basic sequence.** * **Extending it generates iter(), contains(), reversed(), index(), and count().** -* **Unlike `'abc.Iterable'` and `'abc.Collection'`, it is not a duck type. That is why `'issubclass(MySequence, collections.abc.Sequence)'` would return 'False' even if 'MySequence' had all the methods defined.** +* **Unlike `'abc.Iterable'` and `'abc.Collection'`, it is not a duck type. That is why `'issubclass(MySequence, collections.abc.Sequence)'` would return False even if MySequence had all the methods defined.** ```python class MyAbcSequence(collections.abc.Sequence): @@ -2096,7 +2096,7 @@ class MyMetaClass(type): return type.__new__(cls, name, parents, attrs) ``` * **New() is a class method that gets called before init(). If it returns an instance of its class, then that instance gets passed to init() as a 'self' argument.** -* **It receives the same arguments as init(), except for the first one that specifies the desired class of returned instance (**`'MyMetaClass'` **in our case).** +* **It receives the same arguments as init(), except for the first one that specifies the desired class of returned instance (MyMetaClass in our case).** * **New() can also be called directly, usually from a new() method of a child class (**`def __new__(cls): return super().__new__(cls)`**), in which case init() is not called.** ### Metaclass Attribute diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 25b5c35..66703b1 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ creature = Creature(Point(0, Str() use cases:
print(<el>)
 print(f'{<el>}')
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ Z = dataclasses.make_dataclass('Z', [
#Duck Types
A duck type is an implicit type that prescribes a set of special methods. Any object that has those methods defined is considered a member of that duck type.
Comparable
    
 
  • If eq() method is not overridden, it returns 'id(self) == id(other)', which is the same as 'self is other'.
    • 
 
  • That means all objects compare not equal by default.
    • 
-
  • Only left side object has eq() method called, unless it returns 'NotImplemented', in which case the right object is consulted.
    • 
+
  • Only the left side object has eq() method called, unless it returns NotImplemented, in which case the right object is consulted.
    • 
 
class MyComparable:
     def __init__(self, a):
         self.a = a
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@ Z = dataclasses.make_dataclass('Z', [
Iterator
    
-
  • Next() should return next item or raise 'StopIteration'.
    • 
+
  • Next() should return next item or raise StopIteration.
    • 
 
  • Iter() should return 'self'.
    • 
 
class Counter:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ lock = threading.RLock(); with lock: ...
 
 
Sequence
    
 
  • Only required methods are len() and getitem().
    • 
-
  • Getitem() should return an item at index or raise 'IndexError'.
    • 
+
  • Getitem() should return an item at index or raise IndexError.
    • 
 
  • Iter() and contains() automatically work on any object that has getitem() defined.
    • 
 
  • Reversed() automatically works on any object that has getitem() and len() defined.
    • 
 
class MySequence:
@@ -1176,7 +1176,7 @@ lock = threading.RLock(); with lock: ...
 
Collections.abc.Sequence
    
 
  • It's a richer interface than the basic sequence.
    • 
 
  • Extending it generates iter(), contains(), reversed(), index(), and count().
    • 
-
  • Unlike 'abc.Iterable' and 'abc.Collection', it is not a duck type. That is why 'issubclass(MySequence, collections.abc.Sequence)' would return 'False' even if 'MySequence' had all the methods defined.
    • 
+
  • Unlike 'abc.Iterable' and 'abc.Collection', it is not a duck type. That is why 'issubclass(MySequence, collections.abc.Sequence)' would return False even if MySequence had all the methods defined.
    • 
 
class MyAbcSequence(collections.abc.Sequence):
     def __init__(self, a):
         self.a = a
@@ -1828,7 +1828,7 @@ param_names  = list(<sig>.parameters.keys())
 
 
    
 
  • New() is a class method that gets called before init(). If it returns an instance of its class, then that instance gets passed to init() as a 'self' argument.
    • 
-
  • It receives the same arguments as init(), except for the first one that specifies the desired class of returned instance ('MyMetaClass' in our case).
    • 
+
  • It receives the same arguments as init(), except for the first one that specifies the desired class of returned instance (MyMetaClass in our case).
    • 
 
  • New() can also be called directly, usually from a new() method of a child class (def __new__(cls): return super().__new__(cls)), in which case init() is not called.
    • 
 

 
Metaclass Attribute
Right before a class is created it checks if it has metaclass defined. If not, it recursively checks if any of his parents has it defined and eventually comes to type().
class MyClass(metaclass=MyMetaClass):