diff --git a/src/definitions/behaviors/colorize.js b/src/definitions/behaviors/colorize.js
index 68cbc3adb..5e6b26f3c 100644
--- a/src/definitions/behaviors/colorize.js
+++ b/src/definitions/behaviors/colorize.js
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
 
   $.fn.colorize = function(parameters) {
     var
-      settings        = $.extend(true, {}, $.fn.colorize.settings, parameters),
+      settings          = ( $.isPlainObject(parameters) )
+        ? $.extend(true, {}, $.fn.colorize.settings, parameters)
+        : $.extend({}, $.fn.colorize.settings),
       // hoist arguments
       moduleArguments = arguments || false
     ;
diff --git a/src/definitions/behaviors/visit.js b/src/definitions/behaviors/visit.js
index 520529477..768f4c779 100644
--- a/src/definitions/behaviors/visit.js
+++ b/src/definitions/behaviors/visit.js
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ $.visit = $.fn.visit = function(parameters) {
   $allModules
     .each(function() {
       var
-        settings        = $.extend(true, {}, $.fn.visit.settings, parameters),
+        settings          = ( $.isPlainObject(parameters) )
+          ? $.extend(true, {}, $.fn.visit.settings, parameters)
+          : $.extend({}, $.fn.visit.settings),
 
         error           = settings.error,
         namespace       = settings.namespace,
diff --git a/src/definitions/modules/shape.js b/src/definitions/modules/shape.js
index c6baa88ca..9739f14de 100644
--- a/src/definitions/modules/shape.js
+++ b/src/definitions/modules/shape.js
@@ -37,8 +37,10 @@ $.fn.shape = function(parameters) {
   $allModules
     .each(function() {
       var
-        moduleSelector  = $allModules.selector || '',
-        settings        = $.extend(true, {}, $.fn.shape.settings, parameters),
+        moduleSelector = $allModules.selector || '',
+        settings       = ( $.isPlainObject(parameters) )
+          ? $.extend(true, {}, $.fn.shape.settings, parameters)
+          : $.extend({}, $.fn.shape.settings),
 
         // internal aliases
         namespace     = settings.namespace,